10077157
Description
Flashcards by Andrew Burke, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Andrew Burke
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 'Subject nationalities' | Non-Russian groups that lived in Russia. |
| 'Russification' | Non-nationals were required to wear Russian clothes, speak Russian and take part in Russian customs. |
| Orthodox Church | The church taught people to support the Tsar as God's representative on earth. |
| Okhrana | The Tsar's secret police. |
| Autocrat | Someone who rules with absolute power. |
| Abdicate | When a monarch renounces their throne. |
| Subsistence Farming | The practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one's own use. |
| Industrialisation | The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| Karl Marx | Founding figure of Communism and historical materialism philosophy. |
| Social Democrats | Split into two parties in 1903: the Mensheviks led by Martov and Bolsheviks led by Lenin. |
| Mensheviks | The Mensheviks represented the majority of Socialists. Their main aim was to make life better for the millions of working class people. They were not opposed to the idea of revolution, they believed that conditions has to improve before it could be brought about. |
| Bolsheviks | The Bolsheviks were part of the minority. Lenin believed that improving conditions for people would decrease the numbers of people who would support a revolution. Therefore, revolution was a central aim of the Bolsheviks. Socialism would come first and then communism. |
| 'October Manifesto' | Document published by Tsar Nicholas II in 1905 to secure his position after the outbreak of revolution and riots. |
| Conscription | Compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces. |
| Tsarina | The Tsar's wife. |
| Petrograd Soviet | The workers and soldiers came together to form a Soviet, which was a committee that represented them. Further, they wanted to coordinate revolution. |
| Provisional Government | Emergency government set up after the abdication of the Tsar. |
| The 'July Days' | A failed revolution attempt by the Bolsheviks in July 1917. |
| Kornilov Revolt | In August 1917, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army, General Lavr Kornilov, attempted a military coup d'état against the Provisional government. The Bolsheviks took the lead in ending the attempted coup. |
| October Revolution 1917 | Lenin and the Bolsheviks managed to take over Russia. |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks. |
| Leon Trotsky | Helped led the Bolsheviks and commanded the Red Army. |
| Communism | Lenin sought to introduce Communism to Russia. This involved: 1. The abolition of private property 2. Government control of industry and agriculture 3. Establishment of a one-party dictatorship |
| Cheka | Lenin's secret police led by Felix Dzerzhinsky. |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918 | Treaty signed in March 1918 between Germany and Russia in order to take Russia out of the war. |
| The Whites | The army who opposed the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. The Whites were an accumulation of many different groups who opposed Lenin: Social Revolutionaries, former supporters of the Tsar, Provisional Government backers, landlords and industrialists. |
| Czech Legion | A group of people who wanted Russia to return to fighting in the World War. |
| Treaty of Riga 1921 | Treaty signed in March 1921 to establish peace between the Polish and Russia after the Russo-Polish War. |
| The 'Red Terror' | Between 1918 and 1922, an estimated 140,000 people were executed by the Cheka. Many were executed directly, while the majority died working away in gulags (forced labour camps). This time of quashing opposition was known as the 'Red Terror'. |
| War Communism | Lenin's policy in 1918 that aimed to: 1. To keep the Red Army supplied with food and weapons 2. Introduce a communist system to share wealth |
| Vesenkha | A government body established to indicate how much each industry should produce. |
| Kronstadt Revolt | In March 1921, a revolt of 10,000 sailors at Kronstadt occurred. They were angered by the failed promises of the Bolsheviks from the October Revolution. |
| New Economic Policy | This was Lenin's new policy after he abandoned War Communism in March 1921. |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) | 1923: Lenin organises the four republics; Russia, Byelorussia, Transcaucasia and the Ukraine into the USSR. |
| 'Last Testament' | Lenin's writings on his life and the future of the Soviet Union. |
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