Flashcards
HSC Biology Key Terms & Definitions
Cards in this deck (10)
- 1T CellsThe T helper cell is part of an initial response to an antigen, releasing chemicals to stimulate
growth of B cells that respond to the antigen. A T memory cell responds differently,
interacting initially with an antigen but remaining dormant until the next time the body is infected, when it is quickly activated so that there is a faster response to the antigen. - 2Darwin/Wallace’s Theory of EvolutionDarwin/Wallace’s theory of evolution suggests variation in a population and the fittest
survive to pass on their characteristics. Individuals in a rabbit population vary. The virus, a change in the environment, killed most rabbits. A few that were resistant survived. The survivors reproduced and passed this characteristic (resistance) on to their offspring. Overtime the population increased with most rabbits resistant to the virus. - 3Theory of EvolutionThe theory of evolution suggests variation in a population and the fittest survive to pass on
their characteristics. With the use of DNA sequencing, we now know that genetic variations are caused by a difference in the DNA of the members of the population. It can be shown that certain genes are chosen for in the population by outside pressures, and this leads to change in species. - 4Genetic Engineering of Plants with Particular CharacteristicsThe findings that a combination
of certain genetic characteristics can provide insect resistant crops have led to the insertion of genes for desirable characteristics into plants to produce insect resistant plants. This has produced less need for insecticides. - 5Quarantine RestrictionsBased on our understanding of disease transmission, the isolation of
diseases plants has prevented the spread of plant diseases into and around Australia. This has led to a change from the treatment of diseased plants to preventing the disease spread. - 6LarynxThe tension of the vocal chords can be altered by the muscles of the larynx as air moves
between them. Tight (stretched) gives high pitch (frequency) and loose (relaxed) gives low
notes as the chords vibrate. - 7PhotoreceptorsThe two main photoreceptor cell types in the retina are cone cells (colour) and rod cells (black
and white). - 8RNAThere are different specific t-RNA molecules for each amino acid. They bring their amino acid into the ribosome (r-RNA) where they bind to specific m-RNA bases. mRNA takes its code (order of bases) directly from DNA.
- 9FermentationTraditional methods of wine production used natural contamination from the environment by
yeast. Pasteur discovered specific microorganisms were responsible for alcohol production. This led to using pure cultures for fermentation, so alcohol was produced. - 10DNA Extraction ProcessThe DNA from strawberries is extracted by blending. Make a solution of some detergent and non-iodised salt and mix with the blended strawberries. Filter the mixture through cheese
cloth. Add 95% ethanol (solution). Allow to stand until the top of the solution becomes white (DNA). This is the DNA and can be picked up using a toothpick.
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- Understand some of the key terms for your HSC Biology exam.
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- Mike Nervo
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