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Description
Flashcards by Gabriela Kimanyen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Gabriela Kimanyen
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The chemical context of life Campbell. Biology. Chapter 2 |
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| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Elements | Any substance that cannot be broken down too any other by chemical fractions. |
| Compounds | A substance consisting of two or more different elements combines in a fixed ratio. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that remains the properties of an element. |
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Proton
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A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, with a mass of about 1.7x10^-24g, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Neutron
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A subatomic particle having no electrical charge (electrical neutral), with a mass of about 1.7x10^-24g, found in the nucleus of an atom. |
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Electron
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A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. |
| Atomic Nucleus | An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons. |
| Atomic mass | The total mass of an atom, numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom. (For an element with more than 1 isotope, the atomic mass is the average mass of the naturally occurring isotopes, weighted by their abundance.) |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript. |
| Isotope | One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass. |
| Energy | The capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force.) |
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Potential energy
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The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (Structure). |
| Electron shells | An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom. |
| Orbital | The three- dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time. |
| Valence shell | the outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of that atom. |
| Valence electrons | An electron in the outermost electron shell. |
| Inert atom | An atom who si not able to loose or Gain electron, And therefore is not able to participate in any chemical reaction . |
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chemical bond
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An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. the bonded atoms Gain complete outer electron shells. |
| Single bond | a singel covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. |
| Double bond | A double covalent bond; the sharing of two pair of valence electrons by two atoms |
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Non polar
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A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity. |
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Polar covalent bond
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A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. |
| Valence number | A single electron or one of two or more electrons in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom. |
| Ions | An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge. |
| Cations | A positively charged ion. |
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Anions
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A negatively charged ion. |
| Ionic bond | A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
| Salts | A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound. |
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Hydrogen bond
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A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule. |
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Van der Waals interactions
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Weak attraction between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges. |
| Chemical Reactions | The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter. |
| Reactants | A starting material in a chemical reaction |
| Products | A material resulting form a chemical reaction. |
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