106019
Description
Flashcards by siobhan.quirk, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by siobhan.quirk
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell signalling | the communication between cells that allows effective coordination of a repsonse |
| Memory cells | cells that circulate in the blood after an immune response. They speed up the repsonse to a subsequent attack by the same pathogen. |
| Lymphocytes | white blood vells that circulate around the body in blood and lymph. B cells mature in the bone marrow, while T cells originate in the bone marrow, but mature in the thymus gland |
| Vaccination | deliberate exposure to antigenic material which activates the immune system to make an immune repsonse and provide immunity |
| Carcinogens | chemicals that cause cancer |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a combination of diseases including chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| Atherosclerosis | deposition of fatty substances in the walls of the arteries |
| Cardiovascular disease | a disease of the heart or circulatory system |
| Coronary heart disease | a disease of the heart caused by malfunction of the coronary ateries |
| Stroke | death of part of the brain due to a lack of blood flow to that part of the brain and subsequent oxygen deficiency |
| risk factor | factor that increases the chance or risk that a person will develop a disease |
| Epidemiology | study of distribution of a disease in a population and the factors that influence its spread |
| nutrition | is nourishment - the nutrients and energy needed for health and growth |
| balanced diet | contains all the nutrients required for health in appropriate portions |
| obesity | when a person is 20% or more heavier than the recommended weight for their height |
| BMI | mass in kg/(height in m)2 |
| Lipoproteins | a combination of lipid, cholesterol and protein used to transport fats and cholesterol around the body |
| Selective breeding | where humans select the individual organisms that are allowed to breed according to chosen characteristics |
| Fertilisers | are minerals needed for plant grouwth, which are added to soil to improve its fertility |
| Pesticide | chemical that kills pests |
| Fungicide | chemical that kills fungi |
| antibiotic | chemical that kills or prevents reproduction in bacteria |
| Health | is a state of mental, physical and social wellbeing |
| Disease | is a departure from good health caused by a malfunction of the mind or body |
| Parasite | is an organism thta lives in or o another living thing, causing harm to its host |
| Pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| Transmission | the way in which a parasitic microorganism travels from one host to another |
| Primary defences | are those that attempt to prevent pathogens from entering the body |
| Immune response | specific repsonse to pathogen, which involves the action of lymphocytes and the production of antibodies |
| Antigens | are molecules that stimulate an immune reponse |
| Antibodies | protein molecules that can identify and neutralise antigens |
| Specificity | an antibody is specific to a particular antigen because of the shape of the variable region. Each type of antibody has a differently shaped variable region |
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