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Flashcards

Streptococci

Rachael Jones Animal Disease 2 English 30 cards

Cards in this deck (30)

  1. 1Are Staphs catalase +ve or –ve?+ve / clusters of cocci
  2. 2Are Streps/ Enterobacteriaceae catalase +ve or –ve?-ve / pairs-chains
  3. 3What is Streptococcal (lancefield) serotyping?Antibodies to cell wall polysaccharide of streptococci mixed with a bacterial culture; clumping indicates recognition Lancefield groups A – V
  4. 4What are groups A,B,C,D,G?Group A – human pathogens
    Groups B & C – most animal pathogens
    Group C – most horse pathogens
    Group D – opportunistic pathogens
    Group G – dogs
  5. 5What is the appearance of Strep. Pneumoniae?Larger cells, pairs and break up
  6. 6What is the appearance of Strep. Agalactiae?Large chains
  7. 7What is the effect of haemolysis of Strep?Alpha haemolysis = partial
    Beta haemolysis = complete
    Gamma = nothing
  8. 8What is the colour of Alpha haemolysis in strep. Pneumoniae?Green
  9. 9What is the CAMP reaction?This is a test for group B strep
    Its origins are murky; it is just a test for group B strep, there is no deeper meaning.
    Works by putting beta-haemolytic stap. Aureus on a plate and putting Strep slightly into the Stap. If group B then there will be total lysis near the strep, rather than just the partial of the beta-staph
  10. 10What are the habitats of Strep?1. Lactococci – milk/products
    2. Enterococci – gut
    3. Streptococci – skin / mucosal membranes, upper respiratory tract (RT), upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), lower urinogenital tract (UGT)
  11. 11What is the effect of having a Strep infection?1o localised pyogenic lesion -> bacteraemia -> 2o localised pyogenic lesions
  12. 12What are the main disease patterns of Strep?- Upper respiratory tract infections + lymphadenitis
    - Neonatal septicaemic infections
    - Secondary pneumonia
    - Urinogenital tract infections
    - Mastitis
  13. 13What are human infections linked to animals?1. Strep. pyogenes (group A)
    rare in bovine mastitis but can -> milk
    2. Strep. pneumoniae (untypeable)
    type 3 can affect horses as well
    3. Strep. agalactiae (group B)
    chronic bovine mastitis; can -> milk
    4. Strep suis (group R/S or possibly D)
    serious problems in pig handlers
  14. 14Give 2 diseases that are caused by Strep in humans.Cellulitis
    Erylipelas
  15. 15Give 2 commensal infections of pigs by different Strep species.1. Strep zooepidemicus -> suppurative arthritis (piglets)
    sows flora -> umbilical cord -> septicaemia
    -> chronic lameness or death
    2. Strep porcinus -> “strangles-like” disease in piglets
    highly contagious
    seen mainly in young animals
    commensal organism
  16. 16Give an obligate pathogen of pigs that is a Strep species.Strep suis
  17. 17What are the implications of Strep suis?- Major pig pathogen ; economically significant
    - All ages affected but mainly young animals
    - Most cases in winter (crowded indoors, poor ventilation)
    - Respiratory/oral spread from clinical cases
    - Respiratory/oral spread from subclinical carriers (tonsils/nasal cavity)
    - Local damage + systemic spread in wbc -> deposition Meningitis / endocarditis / arthritis etc.
  18. 18What are the species that case mastitis in cattle?1. Strep uberis : commensal, most common, acute, mild, economically significant
    2. Strep dysgalactiae : commensal, less common, acute, severe, often in summer with A. pyogenes
    3. Strep agalactiae : obligate pathogen, less common, chronic, economically significant, zoonotic
    4. Strep zooepidemicus : least common, from horses
  19. 19Why do commensals cause problems?Arise in large quantities and can’t be coped with
  20. 20What are the infections in horses?1. Streptococcus pneumoniae – RT infections
    pneumonia (foals); lower airway disease (adults)
    2. Streptococcus zooepidemicus
    GT infections / abortion
    Mastitis
    Naval infections
    RT infections – pneumonia (foals); lower airway disease (adults)
    Lymphadenitis
    3. Streptococcus equi – Strangles
  21. 21What are features of strangles?Endemic in UK
    Highly contagious
    Mainly in young animals
    Often starts with new horse arriving on yard
    High risk:
    Rapid turnover
    Young stock
    Crowded in feeding / drinking areas
  22. 22How does Strangles cause infection?PICTURE
  23. 23What does the amount of pus in a rupturing abscess relate to?How virulent the strain is
    More pus = more virulent
  24. 24What is bastard strangles?When the abscess ruptures inwards and will cause more infection inside – most often fatal
  25. 25What are chondroids?Caused by fibrin walling off bacteria causing rubbery lumps that can rupture inside
  26. 26What are the complications of strangles and the different forms?Lymph nodes block airway
    Lymph nodes apply pressure to nerves
    “Bastard strangles” - 1-5% of cases per outbreak
    Purpura haemorrhagica
    Type III hypersensitivity reaction (IgA to M protein)
    Fever; haemorrhagic rash; oedema above knee
    Mastitis
  27. 27How are Strep infections controlled by antibiotics?Resistance less of a problem than e.g. Staphs
    help prevent local infection becoming systemic
    Use in strangles: pyrexia/contact animals YES ; abscesses NO
  28. 28When are disinfectants used for Strep infections?- Milking machinery / stables / troughs etc.
    - Pus is protective
  29. 29How do vaccines work for strep?As part of a control programme
  30. 30What is the key to not getting Strep infections?Hygiene

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Animal Disease 2 (Specific Bacteria - TC) Flashcards on Streptococci, created by Rachael Jones on 04/10/2017.
Created by
Rachael Jones · Oct 2017
Updated
Apr 7, 2018
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