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Flashcards by Maddy Bazzoni, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Maddy Bazzoni
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Frames vs Lenses | States = realism Individuals=liberlism Class=Marxism different levels of analysis & normative lense tints, but same rationalist frames (more or less positivist epistemologies) |
| Postmodernist approaches | Constructivist: Keep the frame but lose the lenses, not looking at the world, ie looking at history or culture |
| Postmodernist approaches | Postmodernists: focus on smaller narratives, ie marginalized groups |
| Mapping the 8 theories | Realist: realism, structural realism, english school (bef. 1988 - rationalist theory of knowledge) |
| Mapping the 8 theories (part 2) | Liberalism (bef. 1988 - rationalist theory of knowledge) |
| Mapping the 8 theories (part 3) | Blended family: neoliberalism (bef. 1988 - rationalist theory of knowledge) constructivism (after 1988 - reflecive theory of knowledge) ALWAYS Espistemology |
| Mapping Theories (part 4) | Marxism (bef. 1988 - rationalist theory of knowledge) Marxist family - critical theory, postcolonialism, poststructuralism, feminism (after 1988 - reflecive theory of knowledge) |
| Mapping Theories (part 5) | Green Theory (half Marxist -half Liberal) - (bef. 1988 - rationalist theory of knowledge) |
| Political Realism = Hazard | Realists: International Politics = power politics Status of IR not important. It will always be the same Unity of Thought |
| Political Realism | IR= recurring struggle for power among States. Classical vs Structural Realism - States are principal actors -Anarchy and balance of Power core concepts -States act rationaly -Calssical vs Structural Realism |
| Morghentau's archimedean point | Classical - politics governed by objective laws that have their roots in Human Nature -Interest = power > universally valid - political realist mantains the autonomy of political sphere |
| Waltz's archimedean point | Structural -Change of actors and nature of actors does not change patterns in International Politics. - System level focus explains why structure is the key to dissimilar units that behave in similar ways. Structures act through socialization and competition of actors. |
| Classical vs Structural Realist | Human Nature vs Structural constrains Power as end vs power as means |
| Human Nature | Classical Realism = Theological feel Hans Morgenthau > tragedy of great power of politics (not science) |
| Power as means | Structural Realism (no look at Human Nature) - 3 major structural realists: Waltz, Gilpin, Mearshimer -Great Thucydes -Continuity of IR over Millennia, but analyzing structural conditions of great power politics as source of condition |
| Security | Structural realist power seek as means to security. Desire for power > because feeling unsecure and threatened. System of anrchy > don't know each other intentions > noone to turm to. |
| Security Dilemma | 2 guns pointed at each other heads. Other 2 guns pointed by "impartial institutions" |
| Evil, something you do, or smt you are? | Realists' aapology for brute force and cynism. Gilpin > tries to dinstiguish btw system change and systemic change. |
| Realists goals | Mearsheimer>security Waltz>stability |
| Origin of IR | Long view: IR's been a long time of clash of power and interest. Before the WWI IR was a modern-classical tradition. 1920: IR science of Peace. 1945: IR as realist science. |
| IR modern science | No commercial - inability to enrich or destroy another nation wealth - advantage if there's political and military power. |
| Is Idealism an Illusion? | Idealsm never promised to end war, It promoted an idea of society of states. Now closely associated with english School. |
| Idealism for peace | Idealism> prescriptive Idealism (realist scritique) > no real science. Isolated from "real world". |
| Anglo - American Dominance in IR | 1. "Two victorious and satisfied powers" Their intersts = humanity desire Satisfied powers seek to avoid War. 2. Contigency : social scientists in great aboundance in these countries. |
| Paris Peace Conference | 1919 - For the first time experts in IR brought together. |
| Bertrand Russell | IR as science - Take one - Idealism and the immutable lessons of WWI -war no longer a usable tool of statecraft -war product of avoidable miscalculation -war caused by secret democracy and sinister interests. |
| IR as a science take two | Morgenthau: politics understand trough reason, but it's not in it that poli finds its model. Poli > compliant to rational understanding > not reducible to scientific principles. |
| Beyond the realist carictures of realism | -realist IR grounded in irresolvable moral dilemma -Normative theory = realism Early Realists > international politics separated from political science. Morgenthau > states must find appropriate balance btw power and morality > when they strive to achieve national interest. Neorealists ignore this. |
| When was American IR theory born? | 1954 Rockefeller Foundation? Organizations can play a big role in shaping ideas. |
| American Parochialism | America at the center of the world. |
| Hegemonic Stability | Two requirements: 1 - able 2- willing - non rivalelness - nonexcludability Key concepts: Malign - neorealist: Gi;pin Grasner Benign - liberals Most Influential Theorist - Robert Keohane |
| Hoffman | Study US foreign policy = study the international system 3 Institutional features > makes it impossible to be replicated (American IR) : 1. Close links btw academics and policymakers > easily move in from academia, think tanks and policy circles. 2. Funding of policy - relevant academic research sponsored by wealthy foundations. 3. Mass-education system that allows for specific specialization in IR field |
| American Social Science | - Modeled on Natural Social Sciences - Embedded in the classical ideology of liberal individualism. - Special form of parochialism or ethnocentrism. |
| American Values | Perochial or Cosmopolitan view? DO they set the guide for the world "principles of liberty and democracy" - Tom Dashle. |
| Thinking's origin | John Winthrop > make them (AMERICA) believe they hold the candle of the world |
| English School | central tenet: that there is a considerable degree of order, and some degree of justice, in world politics sustained by its formal structure as an anarchical society of sovereign states governed by international law and other mechanisms and communicating among themselves through the institution of diplomacy |
| Founding Figures | • Hedley Bull, Martin Wight, Charles Manning, Adam Watson, Alan James, and John Vincent, Herbert Butterfield (and sometimes E. H. Carr) • Two overlapping types of English School thinkers: 1. those who taught in the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics headed by Manning, and; 2. those who were members of the British Committee on the Theory of International Politics, spearheaded by Herbert Butterfield • Wight and Bull belonged to each type |
| English School Today | Tim Dunne, Peter Wilson, David Armstrong |
| English School Matter? | According to Dunne’s own admission, the ES is the “dominant theoretical voice” in Britain today |
| How does IR consider ES? | IR has tended either to: 1. ignore ES; 2.treat ES as a distinct but conceptually underdeveloped and marginal school, or; 3. treat ES as a subtype of Realism |
| Bull vs Wight | Bull - Neorealism and related theories -Anarchy -Mainstream IR -Realism > strict rationalism Wight -Liberal Isitutionalism -global governance -critical theory/poststructuralism -idealism (normative contestation |
| Carr founding father of ES? | Pro: desire to blend power and morality looks like the ES via media. Contra: Not interested in Interantional Society and how it is manipulated by great powers. |
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