11044490
Description
Flashcards by Emma Cress, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Cress
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Macromolecules | A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. |
| Polymers | A large molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. |
| Monomers | The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. |
| Condensation Reaction | A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded through the loss of a small molecule, usually water, in which case this is also called a dehydration reaction. |
| Dehrydration Reaction | A condensation reaction missing a water molecule. |
| Enzymes | A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by a reaction. |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical process that lysis (splits) molecules by the addition of water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers. |
| Carbohydrates | A sugar (monosaccharide) of one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides) |
| Monosaccharides | The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, monosaccharides generally have molecular formulas that are some multiple of CH2O |
| Disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage formed during dehydration synthesis. |
| Glycosidic Linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides during a dehydration reaction. |
| Polysaccharide | A polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions. |
| Starch | a storage polysaccharide in plants, consisting entirely of glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages. |
| Glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle. |
| Lipids | One of a group of compounds, including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that mix poorly, if at all, with water. |
| Fatty Acid | A long carbon chain carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds. Three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form a fat molecule. |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of attached hydrogen molecules. |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail, thus reducing the number of hydrogen molecules attached. |
| Trans Fats | An unsaturated fat containing one or more double bonds. |
| Phospholipids | A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar hydrophobic tails, while the rest of the molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head. |
| Steroids | A type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four rings with various chemical groups attached. |
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