11353739
Description
Flashcards by Zita Wormuth, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zita Wormuth
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are traits? | The characteristics that determine the genetic constitution of an individual |
| What is cytology? | The study of cells |
| What is a pedigree? | A family tree that shows the members of a family who have a particular characteristic |
| What is a pure-bread? | The production of the same characteristic in each succeeding generation - homozygous |
| What is a hybrid? | An offspring that is a result of a mating between individuals of two different genetic constitutions - heterozygous |
| What is an allele? | An alternative form of a gene |
| What is a dominant allele? | An allele that masks the effect of another allele |
| What is a recessive allele? | An allele that is masked by the effects of an alternative allele |
| Define homozygous | Situation where the individual has the same alleles for a particular characteristic |
| Define heterozygous | Situation where the individual has the different alleles for a particular characteristic |
| What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? | Phenotype: Physical characteristics Genotype: Genetic constitution |
| What is [genetic] segregation? | During the formation of gametes hereditary factors are separated |
| What is a monohybrid cross? | Where only one pair of contrasting characteristics is studied |
| What is the 1st filial generation? | The offspring |
| What does it mean if a child has XX chromosomes or XY chromosomes | XX = Female XY = Male |
| What are sex-linked (x-linked) characteristics? | Characteristics that show different patterns in the sexes |
| List 2 examples of X/Sex-linked characteristics | 1. Red/Green Colourblindness 2. Haemophillia |
| What is an autosomal characteristic? | A characteristic which effects an autosomal chromosome (not sex chromosomes) therefore does not effect an individual based on their sex |
| What is co-dominance? | Where neither allele is dominant therefore a form of blending occurs |
| What are multiple alleles? | Where there are more that two alleles for a particular characteristic e.g. in ABO blood group |
| What is genetic disease? | A disease that is inherited e.g. Huntington's Disease |
| What is sickle cell anaemia and what is it's mode of inheritance? | A disease that occurs mainly in those of African ancestry. Results in sickling of red blood cells so they can't carry oxygen properly. Autosomal Recessive (homozygous) OR Co-Dominant (heterozygous) |
| What is the advantage of being heterozygous for sickle cell anaemia if you live in Africa? | You have a level of immunity to malaria |
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