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| Question | Answer |
| although ___________ reactions can cause ________ changes and __________, they can also be used to help _____ environmental change. | although chemical reactions can cause environmental changes and issues they can also be used to help solve environmental change. |
| What does the complete combustion of gasoline in a car's engine produce? | The complete combustion of gasoline in a car's engine produces carbon dioxide and water. |
| In a cars engine, _______ burns and reacts with _______. | In a car's engine, gasoline burns and reacts with oxygen. |
| What is incomplete combustion? Why does it occur? | Incomplete combustion is what happens when there is a lack of oxygen to burn the fuel, resulting in the production of poisonous carbon monoxide gas and carbon (soot). It can also cause unburned gasoline vapours to enter the exhaust and occurs because the conditions in the engine do not always provide the right conditions for complete combustion. |
| What oxides does the exhaust include and why are they hazardous? | The exhaust includes numerous nitrogen oxides such as NO(g) and NO2(g) and although these gases are fairly non-reactive, the high temps in the engine provide enough energy to break bonds between the nitrogen atoms and allow nitrogen to undergo a synthesis reaction with oxygen gas in the air. If emitted, these compounds can contribute to smog and the formation of ozone (impact climate change). |
| What are catalytic converters? | A catalyst converter is a device for helping reduce the harmful emissions in a car's exhaust. They also help to change the unburned gasoline into CO2 and H2O. |
| How do catalytic converters work? | All exhaust must pass through this device before exiting the vehicle. In the converter, atoms of precious metals; platinum, palladium, and rhodium, act as catalysts to decompose the NO(g) and NO2(g) back into N2 and O2. |
| Explain what a catalyst is. | A catalyst is a substance that makes a reaction happen faster and is not used up in the reaction. |
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