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| Question | Answer |
| PARSON'S VIEW OF POWER | Since goals are shared by all members of society, power will generally be used in the furtherance of collective goals. |
| Gramsci | Other Marxists have exaggerated hegemony, people experience dual consciousness |
| WESTERGAARD | Workers fail to appreciate that they are underpaid and exploited. They are in a state of false class consciousness |
| WHITE | Western culture and popular media sources are designed to please a broad spectrum whilst shocking no one |
| Variable-sum view of power | Functionalist- differs from Weber's view that there is a fixed amount of power. Power in society can increase. |
| MARCUSE | The population are subdued through sterile forms of entertainment which encourage a one dimensional thought |
| ALTHUSSER | The bourgeoisie use they economic power to define what counts as knowledge through use of superstructures |
| STUART HALL | Power is not a one way process as believed by other Marxists, pockets of resistance exist as expresses by symbolic resistance |
| GIDDEN'S CRITIQUE OF PARSON'S | Parson's fails to understand the exercise of power is used to further the interest of the individual rather than society. Parson's ignores deliberately the hierarchal character of power and divisions of interests. |
| MANN'S CRITICISM OF MARXIST THEORY OF POWER | disagrees that the bourgeoisie dominates society. No single interest group is able to monopolise power. |
| MANN'S FOUR SOURCES OF POWER | 1- ECONOMIC POWER based on wealth and property ownership 2- IDEOLOGICAL POWER power over ideas and beliefs 3- MILITARY POWER powerful military elites 4- POLITICAL POWER exercised by states over citizens. political power from elections |
| ABERCROMBIE'S EVALUATION OF MARXISM | Capitalism is characterised by conflicts between interests. False Class Consciousness may not exist. such workers may express resistance through strikes and membership of trade unions |
| MAIN POSTSTRUCTURALIST POINT | MICHEL FOUCAULT |
| MICHEL FOUCAULT KEY FEATURES | Knowledge is power. Resistance to power is inevitable. Power relationships are evident in all levels of society. |
| MICHEL FOUCAULT | Power is NOT concentrated in one place. Power is linked with knowledge. Attempts are made by states and other authorities to govern, manipulate and control behaviour. Disciplinary power is more effective than coercion |
| WHAT IS A DISCOURSE | Ways of talking and thinking that dominates how society see's, describes and thinks about how we should live our lives. |
| WHAT IS A DISCOURSE | Ways of talking and thinking that dominates how society see's, describes and thinks about how we should live our lives. |
| WHAT IS DISCIPLINARY POWER | We monitor our own behaviour because we know we are being watched and judged by society. More effective than coercion. |
| WHAT IS BIO-POWER | Bio-Power is concerned with controlling the body and how it is perceived by the general population. |
| WHAT ARETHE TYPES OF FEMINISM | RADICAL FEMINISM MARXIST FEMINISM LIBERAL FEMINISM POSTMODERN FEMINISM (POST FEMINISM) |
| WHAT ARETHE TYPES OF FEMINISM | RADICAL FEMINISM MARXIST FEMINISM LIBERAL FEMINISM POSTMODERN FEMINISM (POST FEMINISM) |
| RADICAL FEMINISTS | Society is patriarchal. Men are the ruling class and women are the oppressed class. Little has changed for women, they have always been exploited, the only thing that will bring women's liberation is revolutionary change. |
| MILLET | Relationships of domination and subordination can exist at work, politics and in every expect of life. Patriarchy is the most fundamental concept of power. Much more rigorous that class stratification. |
| MARXIST FEMINISTS | Do not attribute women's exploitation entirely to men. They see Capitalism rather than Patriarchy as being the principle source of women's oppression. Men benefit from women's unpaid work as housewives, it is primarily capitalists who gain from it the most. |
| LIBERAL FEMINISTS | Least radical. Their main aim is the creation of equal opportunities, particularly in education and work. They are optimistic about the future. |
| POSTMODERN FEMINISTS | Reject the idea expressed in older feminist theories. they reject the possibility of a general theory and of a recipe for improving society. |
| WHAT IS A GLASS CEILING | Women are prevented from getting high stays jobs because of discrimination by male employers. |
| ROWBOTHAM'S CRITIQUE OF MILLETS | Millets claim that men exploit women is exaggerated as it implies men and women cannot have any form of loving relationship without a form of male exploration. The relationship between men and women is not always characterised by power inequalities. |
| MAX WEBER'S THREE TYPES OF AUTHORITY | 1- CHARISMATIC e.g. Political leaders 2-TRADITIONAL e.g. Royalty 3-RATIONAL-LEGAL e.g. law enforced such as a police officer |
| RUBIN | Women can exercise power through a series of strategies focusing on micro processes of power. |
| WESTWOOD | Analysis of Diana. Diana was able to exercise power subtly by presenting herself as a victim. |
| FORMS OF POWER HALF WAY BETWEEN COERCION AND AUTHORITY | INFLUENCE AND MANIPULATION |
| MAX WEBER | Zero-sum view of power. Those who hod power do so at the expense of others. Fixed amount of power. Power is used to benefit the individual over the majority. Three types of authority. |
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