114407
Description
Flashcards by ashley.amber, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ashley.amber
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| define 'ventilation' | the mechanism that moves air into/out of lungs which allows gas exchange to take place |
| what is needed for cells to respire aerobically? | continuous supply of oxygen from blood CO2 must be removed gasses must be exchanged between blood and air in lungs |
| what is the muscular sheet of tissue which (together with the thorax) encloses the lungs in the ribs? | the diaphragm |
| what joins each rib to the next? | external and internal intercostal muscles |
| what is a bronchial tree? | air passages of the lungs form a branching network |
| what is the function of the rings of cartilage in the trachea? | to support airways and keep them open |
| where does gas exchange with the blood take place? | in the alveoli (microscopic air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles) |
| how is the trachea kept clean? | it is lined with a layer of cells which secrete mucus which traps the dirt.cilia beat the mucus up towards the mouth |
| what happens to our diaphragm when we breath in? | there is a higher volume inside and a lower pressure than outside the body- the diaphragm muscles contract and flatten- the external intercostal muscles contract- ribs go up and out |
| what happens when we breath out | there is a lower volume inside and a higher pressure inside than outside the body- diaphragm muscles relax and becomes curved. internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs down and out |
| how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange? | large surface area moist tiny cell wall for diffusion |
| what causes a smoker's cough? | cigarette smoke kills cilia cells so there is a build up of mucus in air passages |
| what is the cause of emphysema? | smoke damages the walls of the alveoli, causing them to fuse together and form large, irregular air spaces |
| what is carboxyhaemoglobin? | carbon monoxide in smoke in smoke binds with haemoglobin instead of oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen being carried in the blood |
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