11722889
Description
Flashcards by Candice Young, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Candice Young
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Robert Hooke | built a compound microscope that allowed him to see fruiting bodies of molds published his observations in Micrographia |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | made a simple microscope with much greater magnification and resolution than Hooke's made first recorded observation of bacteria (1684) |
| spontaneous generation | the idea that microbes were generated from non-living matter non-boiled broth becomes contaminated --> new idea that spontaneous generation requires air |
| Louis Pasteur Pasteur Experiment (1864) | pour nonsterile liquid into flask --> draw out neck of flask in flame --> sterilize liquid by heating --> liquid will remain sterile for a long time UNLESS flask tipped to contact microbes in bend of neck proved spontaneous generation wrong, evidence that microbes have parents too! |
| Pasteur's observations about microbes' role in fermentation | --> a byproduct of fermentation, amyl alcohol, only in one optical isomer ALSO 1) Diff microbes present when a fermentation right vs. wrong 2) Complex compounds present that were not predicted by simple chemical breakdown of sugar |
| Robert Koch | first person to grow microbes on a solidified nutrient medium (agar plate) studied anthrax (caused by B. anthracis) --> grew B. anthracis in a nutrient medium, showed bacteria could still cause disease even after growth outside of host --> used same methods to link M. tuberculosis to tuberculosis disease |
| Germ theory | in contrast with "noxious air" miasma theory of disease, this connected disease to microbes --> improved sanitation efforts, better hospital practices |
| Koch's Postulates | 1) suspected pathogen present in ALL cases of disease + absent from healthy 2) suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture 3) cells from the pure culture must cause disease in a healthy animal 4) suspected pathogen must be reisolated + shown to be the same as the original |
| Martinus Beijerinck | worked with enrichment cultures: start with environmental sample, inoculate into selective medium --> when organisms grow, transfer and repeat until pure culture is obtained |
| autotrophs | acquire carbon from CO2 in air (auto vs hetero deals with CARBON SOURCE) |
| N2 fixing bacteria | convert N2 to NH3 to be used by plants and animals |
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