Flashcards
Patho Final
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1What condition is described by... virions that attack CD4 cells using reverse transcriptase synthesis of viral DNA which is then integrated into the hosts DNA encoding for more virionsHIV
- 2Drug ending in "AVIR"Protease Inhibitors (HIV)
limit production of enzymes that would encourage synthesis of proteins and budding - 3Drug "AZT"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (HIV)
inhibit replication and proliferation of HIV
(Zidovudine) - 4EnfurvatideHIV Entry Inhibitors
- 5What criteria is used to diagnose HIV or AIDS?CD4 count < 200 cells/mm
CD4: CD8 < 1.0 - 6What type of virus is HIV classified as?retrovirus
- 7What is clinical latency?a period of time when the patient is not symptomatic, once enough CD4 cells are killed the patient may present with flu or virus-like symptoms
- 8seropositivethe patient needs to have a critical mass of viral cells in plasma and lymph to be seropositive (test positive for HIV)
- 9Symptoms of HIVimmunosuppression- weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, infections
advanced- myopathy (proximal muscle weakness), RA, peripheral neuropathies - 10HAARThighly active anti-retroviral therapy
uses 3 anti-HIV drugs simultaneously- reduces viral load, tailored according to phenotype/ genotype - 11What disorder is diagnosed by 4 of 11 symptoms and a butterfly/ discoid rashLupus (SLE)
- 12What are the 11 symptoms of SLE?1) oral/nasalpharengeal ulcers
2) butterfly rash
3) discoid rash
4) abnormal titer of antinuclear antibodies
5) hemolytic anemia/ leukopenia/ lymphopenia/ thrombocytopenia
6) neurologic disorders
7) photosensativity
8) pleuritis/ pericarditis
9) postive cell prep
10) arthritis of 2 + peripheral jts
11) renal disorder - 13What disorder is described by the patient having a significant decrease in ability to complete activities in daily routine and feeling unrefreshed after sleep?Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID)
- 14How is SEID diagnosed?The patient must have 3 symptoms: significant < in ability to complete daily activities, not refreshed after sleep...
one of symptom must be either cognitive impairment OR orthostatic intolerance - 15What disorder is described by enhanced sensitivity to a wide array of stimuli with pain in 19 or more locations?Fibromyalgia
- 16What are the symptoms of FMS?enhanced sensitivity to a wide array of stimulus, lack of zest for life, pain produced by hot/cold, abdominal pain, 19 pain locations (bilateral), 6 self reported symptoms: difficulty sleeping, fatigue, poor cognition, HA, depression
- 17How is FMS diagnosed?Wide spread pain index (WPI)
6 self reported symptoms - 18What drugs are used to treat FMS?antidepressants, muscle relaxants, analgesics, anti-convulsants, cognitive behavioral therapy
- 19What disorder/condition is autoimmune with chronic and systemic inflammation typically in women between 30-40 years old?Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- 20What are the major characteristic of RA?synovial membrane attacked, lysing of cartilage, bone formation halts and bone resorption starts, pannus growth
- 21What are the symptoms of RA?Bilateral, symmetric pattern of joint pain (wrist, hands, knee)
Ulnar deviation of fingers, swan neck deformity, boutonniere deformity, neck pain, occipital headaches, rheumatoid nodules, skin changes and weight loss - 22What is the diagnosis criteria for RA?inflammatory arthritis involving of 3+ joints, +Rh factor or CCP, elevated levels of CRP and/or ESR, duration of over 6 weeks
- 23What are the clinical manifestation of juvenile arthritis?Pauciarticular- less than 4 joints
Polyarticular- more than 4 joints
Stills Disease- systemic onset accompanied by fever, chills and a rash - 24What drugs can be used to treat RA?corticosteroids, glucocorticosteroids, anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressants, antibody therapy, DMARDS- Remicade, Humira (halt TNF alpha from destroying joints), radiation therapy, immunostimulants, NSAIDS
- 25What is Microlytic Anemia?RBC that are lacking Hb, smaller in size than the average biconcave disc, lack red color, fewer in #, decreased ability to carry oxygen
- 26What is Sickle Cell Anemia?Low O2 causes Hb S to form crystals which give RBC a sickle shape, very fragile
- 27What condition is caused by a Vit. B12 and Folic Acid deficiency?Megaloblastic Anemia
- 28What is it called when RBC's rupture easily due to their spherical shape caused by hereditary traits?Hereditary Spherocytosis
- 29What anemia is described by a mismatch in blood type between the mother and the fetusErythroblastosis Fetalis
- 30What anemia results from the inability to absorb vitamin B12Pernicious Anemia (Celiac's Disease/ Sprue)
- 31What is aplastic anemia?anemia caused by lack of functioning bone marrow, can be as a result of radiation
- 32What is Polycythemia?Sluggish blood
- 33Leukopenialow WBC
- 34Leukemiatoo many abnormal ineffective WBC, cancer of blood forming tissues
- 35Lymphocyticcancerous production of lymphoid cells
- 36myelogenouscancerous production of cells in bone marrow
- 37GastrinSecreted by G cells in the stomach in response to distention, stimulate gastric acid secretion and growth of protective gastric mucosa
- 38CCKCholecystokinin
secreted by duodenum and jejunum in response to fat ingestion, contracts gallbladder to secrete bile in SI to emulsify fats to be digested and absorbed, also allows stomach to be emptied in to upper GI tract- if levels are too high then it will shut down emptying - 39Secretinduodenum secretes this hormone in response to contents of stomach entering, promotes pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize acid
- 40GIPGastric Inhibitory Peptide
secreted by mucosa of upper intestine in response to amino acids and fat, decreased motility so food doesn't exit stomach too quickly ( causes the sensation of feeling full) - 41Motilinsecreted by upper duodenum during fasting, increases GI motility and absorption
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- Flashcards on Patho Final, created by Alyssa B on 11/12/2017.
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