Flashcards
L1: Introduction
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1Why is air pollution bad for us?-outdoor air pollution: WHO: Group I carcinogen (lung cancer)
-PM: Group I carcinogen
-Half of all worldwide deaths (8m) due to air pollution are caused by indoor air pollution
-UK cost est £8.5-20bn per year due to poor health and lowered life expectancy - 2Most pressing air pollutant for human health?29,000 deaths of over-25s are caused by long-term exposure to PM2.5
~Public Health England 2014 - 3Examples of indoor air pollution in UK-Radon
-Second hand smoke - 4Summer air pollution
- 5Winter air pollutionWinter: fog and low wind = low dilution of smoke. TEMPERATURE INVERSION, air pollution can't escape
- 6London SmogWinter 1952 (4th - 9th Dec)
-4000 deaths (>double ave weekly deaths at time)
---> re-assessed in 2002 to be 12000 deaths
-Mainly sulphur and other toxins from coal fires
-Chronic respiratory cardiovascular complaints
-Mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia increased >7 fold - 7Pollution different nowadays?-Smoke and sulphur dioxide pollution in cities is much lower than in the past
-Nowadays Photochemical Smogs from vehicle emissions build up during warm sunny days, when air pollutants
are trapped at ground level (Experienced in Europe and Los Angeles for many
years before becoming a problem in the UK) - 8Beijing air pollutionGUARDIAN:
-Inflatable domes for children to exercise in - favour the rich
-British artist Matt Hope has designed a “breathing bicycle”
- Daan Roosegaarde condense 1,000 cubic metres of smog down into a millimetre-cube carbon crystal – which we will set like a diamond on a ring
-2008 Olympics, air cleaned (factories switched off and half of cars/buses removed from roads) - again more recently at Apec summit - 9Delhi air pollutionGUARDIAN:
-November: pollution emergency as air quality compared to smoking 50 cigarettes in a day
-Slow winds and colder temperatures led to max Air Quality Index (AQI) recorded at 999
-Schools shut - 10Developing world: main causes of air pollution- E.g. Lagos, Nigeria
-inefficient use of fossil
fuels
-the poor quality maintenance
and age of motor vehicles
-traffic gridlock
-low-grade leaded gasoline,
-domestic cooking using kerosene.
Source: The Foreign Policy Group,
LLC. - 11AIR POLLUTANTS• CO (poor combustion of carbon fuel)
• NO2 (motor vehicles, combustion)
• SO2 (combustion, power stations)
• PM10 and PM2.5 (diesel and combustion)
• HC (benzene, butadiene) - (petrol)
• O3 (secondary from sunlight on NOx and VOCS)
• Pb (Industry - removed from petrol) - 12Classification of sources of emissions of pollution-POINT (chimneys mainly industries)
-LINE (roads, rail)
-AREA (houses, mines) - 13Point sources types:-A: large industries e.g. DRAX
-B: smaller industries
-C: not specifically regulated e.g. large boilers
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- MSc Air Polluion Flashcards on L1: Introduction, created by Phoebe Stockton on 29/12/2017.
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- Phoebe Stockton
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