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Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Willis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Willis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 5 Kingdoms | Animal, Plant, Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctista |
| Differences between Eukaryotic VS Prokaryotic Cells | E -Animal/plant, membrane bound organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, lysosomes and mitochondria) P- Bacteria, no membrane bound organelles |
| What are the two forms of reproduction? | -Sexual (2 parents each provide a mete which fuse to form a zygote, that developed into organism) - Asexual (one parent identical offspring) |
| How does a Zygote develop into an organism? | -It is a stem cell -AS it is an unspecialised cell it can develop into any type of cell -Zygote divides by mitosis to make many stem cells -Each stem cell develops into specialised cell -by mitosis the specialised cell divides into many specialised cells - cells - tissue- organ - organ system |
| What is an animal cell made up of? | -Organelles (Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes) - al have membrane except ribosomes -Cyctoplasm (chemical reactions site) -Cell membrane (hold the cell together, controls what leaves/enters) |
| Structure of the nucleus | -Contains DNA -DNA wrapped around histones to form chromatin -nucleus has a double membrane , nuclear envelope - has pore -at the centre of the nucleus is the Nucleolus - produces mRNA -rest of nucleus made of nucleoplasm (contains DNA/chromatin) |
| Structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum | -2 types - Smooth and Rough -RER - ribosomes on it ( makes proteins) -SER - no ribosomes ( makes lipids/ carbohydrates) |
| Structure of Golgi Body | Modifies and packages proteins -Packages them into vesicles for transport -digestive enzymes are placed into lysosomes (vesicles w/membranes around them) |
| Structure of Mitochondria | -Site of respirator, releases energy, produces ATP -DOuble membrane, inner folded Cristae ( high SA) -Middle portion called matrix |
| What is the structure and role of Mitochondria | -Site of respiration , releases energy, produces ATP -Double membrane |
| What is the structure of Ribosomes | Attached to RER -Site of Protein synthesis |
| What is a Plant Cell made up of? | -Organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi body, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Vacuole, ribosomes) - all have membranes except the ribosomes -Cytoplasm (site of chemical reactions) -Cell membrane ( hold cell together, controls what enters/leaves) -Cell Wall (cellulose, prevent the cell from bursting or shrinking) |
| What is the Structure of the chloroplasts? | -Organelle for Photosynthesis -Double membrane -Contains discs called Thylakoids that contain chlorophyll -Stacked Thylakoids- Granum -Thylakoid surrounded by liquid - Stroma |
| What is the structure of the Vacuole? | -Surrounded by a membrane called a Tonoplast -Contains Cell Sap (Sugar, Water, Minerals) |
| What is a Bacteria made up of? | -NO NUCLEUS - loose DNA in a single loop and a plasmid -No membrane bound organelles: smaller ribosomes -Cytoplasm -Cell Membrane + cell wall (made up of peptidoglycan/murein) -Some have a capsule (reduce water loss, protect against Phagocyctosis) and Flagella |
| What is a Virus made up of? | DNA or RNA (if RNA there will be a enzyme present to turn RNA into DNA) -Protein Coat called Capsid -Attachment proteins on outside |
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