12050596
| Question | Answer |
| Describe the adaptations and function of erythrocytes | ADAPTATIONS: Biconcave (large surface area) No nucleus (more room for haemoglobin) FUNCTION: Carry oxygen in the blood |
| Describe the adaptations and function of neutrophils | ADAPTATIONS: Flexible (to engulf pathogens) Have many lysosomes (contains digestive enzymes) FUNCTION: A type of white blood cell that defends against disease. It has a multi-lobed nucleus |
| Describe the adaptations and function of epithelial cells | ADAPTATIONS: Ciliated epithelial cells have cilia (wafts mucous) Squamous epithelial cells are very thin (efficient diffusion of gases) Some have microvilli (large surface area) FUNCTION: Cover the surfaces of organs, joined by interlinking cell membranes and a basement membrane. Goblet cells produce cilia |
| Describe the adaptations of sperm cells | Flagellum (to swim to eggs) Lots of mitochondria (provide energy) Acrosome contains digestive enzymes (to penetrate ovum coat of the egg) |
| Describe the adaptations of palisade cells | Contains many chloroplasts (to absorb a lot of sunlight for photosynthesis) Walls are thin (CO₂ easily diffuses into cell) |
| Describe the adaptations and function of root hair cells | ADAPTATIONS: Large surface area (for absorption) Thin, permeable cell wall (entry of water/ions) Large amount of mitochondria (provide energy for active transport) FUNCTIONS: Absorb water and minerals from the soil |
| Describe the function of guard cells | Found in pairs, with a gap forming a stoma (tiny pores for gas exchange). In light, guard cells take up H₂O in vacuoles and become turgid. Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, forming the stomata |
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