1266810
Description
Flashcards by aaudreylynnn, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by aaudreylynnn
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| which microorganisms that the commercial production of biosynthetic penicillins today depend on various strains | Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum |
| structure of penicillin | Beta-lactam ring and thiazolidine ring (beta-lactam thiazolidine structure) |
| gram-negative bacilli is resistant to ____? | penicillins |
| enzyme that inactivates penicillins | penicillinase |
| two general types of the enzyme that inactivates penicillins | beta-lactamases and acylases |
| another name of Pen G | benzylpenicillin |
| it is an agent of choice for the tx of more different kinds of bacterial infection than any other antibiotic | Pen G |
| K, Ca and Na salts are inactivated by _______ | gastric juice unless antacid/strong buffer (absorbed poorly from the intestinal tract) large oral doses |
| amine sale of penicillin G was made with _______ | procaine |
| preparation of Pen G Procaine | from Pen G Na by treatment with Procaine HCl |
| it is a salt of diamine composition of the diamine | Penicillin G Benzathine 2 moles of penicilline are available from each molecule (very insoluble in water = great stability and prolonged effect) |
| another name of Pen V | phenoxymethylpenicillin |
| Pen V is resistant to hydrolysis by ________________ and its ability to produce uniform concentration in ____________ | gastric juice; blood (when administered orally) |
| Methicillin sodium is particularly resistant to inactivation by the ___________ found in _________ and somewhat more resistant than __________ to penicillinase from ________________. | penicillinase; staphylococci; Pen G; Bacillus cereus |
| it is used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by strains resistant to other penicillins | methicillin sodium |
| Explain: resistant to inactivation by the penicillinase | since penicillinase inactivates the penicillin, this now means that the bacteria is susceptible to the drug because it resists the inactivation by the penicillinase |
| it is highly resistant to inactivation by penicillinase | oxacillin sodium |
| chlorine atom ortho to the position of attachment of the phenyl ring to the isozaxole ring enhances the activity of __________________ ____________ | cloxacillin sodium enhances its oral absorption |
| dicloxacin sodium | its medicinal properties and use are similar to those of cloxacillin sodium |
| nafcillin is stable enough in _______ to perming its use by _______ administration | acid; oral |
| another semisynthetic penicillin that resulted from the search for penicillinase-resistant compounds | nafcillin soidum |
| Nafcillin sodium may be used in infections caused solely by ___________ __________ ______________ or when _______________ are present also. | penicillin G-resistant staphylococci; streptococci |
| its antibacterial spectrum is broader than that of penicillin G | Ampicillin |
| It is particularly useful for the treat- ment of acute urinary tract infections caused by _____ or ___________ and is the agent of choice against _________ infections. | E. coli; Proteus mirabilis; Haemophilus influenzae |
| ampicillin + ________ = tx for gonorrhea | probenecid |
| It is a prodrug of ampicillin with no antibacterial activity hydrolyzed rapidly by _____ | Bacampicillin HCl esterases |
| it has largely replaced ampicillin for the treatment of certain _____ and__________ for which oral administration is desirable | Amoxicillin systemic; UTI |
| it has a broad range of antimicrobial activity, broader than any other known penicillin | Carbencillin Disodium, Sterile |
| provides an orally active alternative for the treatment of _________ and _______ caused by Pseudomonas spp., indole-positive Proteus spp., and se- lected species of Gram-negative bacilli. | Indanyl carbenicillin; carbenicillin- sensitive systemic ; UTI |
| advantages of ticarcillin | (a) slightly better pharmacokinetic properties, including higher serum levels and a longer duration of action; and (b) greater in vitro potency against several species of Gram- negative bacilli, most notably P. aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis. |
| an acylureidopenicillin | Mezlocillin Sodium, Sterile (See p 273) |
| It is more active than mezlocillin against susceptible strains of Gram-negative aerobic bacilli, such as Serratia marcescens, Proteus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter spp., and P . aeruginosa ex- tended-spectrum acylureidopenicillins | Piperacillin Sodium, Sterile see p 274 |
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