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Flashcards

Henry II -key dates

Isabel Knight (Early) History AS level English 90 cards

Cards in this deck (90)

  1. 1Henry II becomes king of England; in France he already has Normandy, Aquitaine, Anjou, Maine and Touraine.1154
  2. 2Henry becomes Duke of Normandy1151
  3. 3Henry marries Eleanor of Aquitaine1152
  4. 4Treaty of Winchester (Westminster) makes Henry II heir to Stephen's throneNovember 1153
  5. 5Decommissioning of illegal castles begins1155
  6. 6All foreign mercenaries, including those employed by the Crown, are sent home1155
  7. 7Henry confiscates the castles of Hugh Bigod and William Blois in East Anglia1157
  8. 8Henry replaces half of England's sheriffs1162
  9. 9Henry goes north to force William le Gros, count of Aumale, earl of York, to surrender his mini-kingdom in YorkshireFebruary 1155
  10. 10Henry called a Great council where, according to chronicler Roger of Howden, he confronted those who still held castles which he deemed to be within his royal rightsEarly 1155
  11. 11Cartae Baronum1166
  12. 12Henry's first expedition to Wales (ends in success)1157
  13. 13Henry's second expedition to Wales, involving the capture of Phys of Deheubarth1163
  14. 14Assize of Clarendon1166
  15. 15Henry replaces 21 of England's sheriffsSeptember 1155
  16. 16Rhys of Deheubarth seizes Llandovery Castle1162
  17. 17Henry's third expedition to Wales (ends in disaster)1165
  18. 18Rhys of Deheubarth and Owain of Gwynedd make gains at the expense of the Marcher barons1166-68
  19. 19Owain of Gwynedd dies, leaing Rhys of Deheubarth to become the most important of the Welsh princes (as Owain's sons turn against each other)1170
  20. 20Henry agrees peace terms with Rhys of Deheubarth1171
  21. 21Rhys of Deheubarth becomes justiciar for South Wales1172
  22. 22Sheriffs became royal appointments and accountable to the Crown(From) 1170
  23. 23King David I of Scotland knights Henry of Anjou in Carlisle + Henry promises to honour the concessions granted to Scotland in 139 regarding Northumberland and the north-western regions of Cumberland and Westmoreland as well as a claim to Huntingdonshire1149
  24. 24King David I of Scotland dies and is replaced by 12-year-old Malcolm IV1153
  25. 25Malcolm IV surrenders the lands promised to Scotland by Henry II in 11491157
  26. 26Malcolm IV joins the Welsh princes in giving Henry homage publicly at Woodstock and he provides hostages, including his youngest brother, David1163
  27. 27Malcolm IV dies and is succeeded by his brother, William, known as 'The Lion', causing for relations with Henry to deteriorate quickly1165
  28. 28William of Scotland proposes an alliance with Louis VII of France1168
  29. 29Coronation of Henry II's eldest son, Henry, as King of England1170
  30. 30Pope Adrian IV issues a papal bull supporting Henry II should he invade. A council at Winchester discusses the possibility but nothing comes of it1155
  31. 31The position of he kings of Munster and Leinster, who have joined forces to reform Ireland, is weakened in the face of conflict from other Irish kings, especially Rory O'Connor of Connacht1161
  32. 32Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn's power in Munster (South of Ireland) collapses1161
  33. 33Dermost MacMurrough, king of Leinster, is forced from Dublin by Rory O'Connor of Connacht1166
  34. 34Dermot MacMurrough approaches Henry II for support against Rory O'Connor to which Henry agrees1167
  35. 35Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare (Strongbow) is approached by the Irish king, Dermot MacMurrough of Leinster, to join his forces against another Irish king, Rory O'Connor of Connacht1168
  36. 36Anglo-Norman forces led by Stongbow (Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare) arrive in Ireland and defeat Rory O'Connor1170
  37. 37Strongbow (Richard fitz Gilbert) is given Dermot MacMurrough's daughter's hand in marriage1170
  38. 38Thomas Becket is murdered in Canterbury Cathedral29 December 1170
  39. 39Dermot MacMurrough dies and Stongbow (Richard fitz Gilbert) claims the kingdom of Leinster as his successorMay 1171
  40. 40Henry II leaves Ireland for Normandy to reconcile with the Church after Thomas Becket's death1172
  41. 41Numerous Irish Kings and bishops make their submission to Henry; exceptions are Rory O'Connor and the kings of Meath and Ulster1171
  42. 42Henry confiscated Stongbow's lands in England and prepared for an expedition to IrelandOctober 1171
  43. 43After an appeal for help from the Bretons, Henry's brother Geoffrey is installed in Nantes1156
  44. 44Geoffrey, Henry's brother, dies and Henry inherits Brittany1158
  45. 45Henry secures the Vexin through marriage of his eldest son, Henry, to Louis VII' daughter, Margaret1160
  46. 46Birth of Louis VII's son and heir, Philip1165
  47. 47Henry quashes rebellion in Brittany and makes his son Geoffrey duke via a marriage alliance1166-67
  48. 48The Peace of Montmirail between Louis VII and Henry II in France1169
  49. 49Thomas Becket becomes archbishop of Canterbury and resigns as Chancellor, signalling the start of poor Crown-Church relations1162
  50. 50Henry appoints Nigel, bishop of Ely to restore the Exchequer1154
  51. 51Henry instigated detailed inquires to determine losses of demesne by purpresture and escheat and return it to Crown controlBetween 1154 and 1165
  52. 52The total number of mints was greatly reduced over the course of Henry's reign, from 47 in _____ to 29 in _____1154, 1158
  53. 53Henry's first recoinage1158
  54. 54Henry's second recoinage1180 (lasted until 1182)
  55. 55Assize of Northampton1176
  56. 56Assize of the Forest1184
  57. 57England's first law textbook is written by Ranulf de Glanvill ('Treatise on the laws and customs of the Realm of England')1187-89
  58. 58Grand Assize now includes option of trial by jury of recognition1179
  59. 59Establishment of the King's bench at Westminster1178
  60. 60The Assize of Arms1181
  61. 61The death of Pope Adrian IV results in a papal schism; Alexander III becomes the pope, while Victor IV becomes the antipope1159
  62. 62Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury dies1161
  63. 63Henry Ii arrives back in England and receives hundreds of complaints against criminous clerksJanuary 1163
  64. 64Council of WestminsterOctober 1163
  65. 65Pope Alexander III sends envoys to Becket asking him to reconcile with the king to which Becket agreesDecember 1163
  66. 66Becket attends king's court at Northampton to answer charges against him (embezzlement + other financial misdeeds)October 1164
  67. 67Becket flees to FranceOctober 1164
  68. 68Henry summons Becket to his court in the case of John fitz GilbertSeptember 1164
  69. 69Henry takes action against Becket, his family and household by taking all of his property and all the incomes from the lands of Becket's family or clerksDecember 1164
  70. 70Henry and Becket meet at Montmirail but fail to settle their disputeJanuary 1169
  71. 71Becket excommunicates the bishops of London and Salisbury as well as several members of the Royal householdEaster 1169
  72. 72Henry issues decrees severing links between England and Alexander + BecketSeptember 1169
  73. 73Henry and Becket meet at Montmartre, ParisNovember 1169
  74. 74Henry and Becket are reconciled at FretvalJuly 1170
  75. 75Becket returns to England after exile1 December 1170
  76. 76Henry performed a public ceremony of penance at Avranches Cathedral21 May 1172
  77. 77The Church approves Henry's choice of bishops for Ely, Bat, Winchester and Norwich1173
  78. 78Canonisation of Thomas Becket1173
  79. 79Louis VII calls upon the pope to launch military action against Henry II; the Pope refuses1170
  80. 80The first major Angevin family crisis and the Great Rebellion begins1173
  81. 81The Great Rebellion ends; Henry is victorious over his wife, sons, the kings of France and Scotland and several English barons1174
  82. 82Louis VII falls ill and is incapacitated; Philip II assumes the crown1179
  83. 83Louis VII dies1180
  84. 84The second Angevin family crisis begins as Henry's sons fall out; The Young King turns against Richard and their father1182
  85. 85The Young King dies, ending his rebellion; Henry refuses to name a new principal heir1183
  86. 86Investiture of Richard as duke of AquitaineJune 1172
  87. 87The Young King slips away from Henry II and joins Louis VII's court in Paris, followed by Richard and GeoffreyFebruary 1173
  88. 88Eleanor of Aquitaine is captured en route to ParisApril 1173
  89. 89William the Lion begins raiding the North of EnglandJuly 1173
  90. 90William the Lion is captured

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AS level (Early) History Flashcards on Henry II -key dates, created by Isabel Knight on 09/03/2018.
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Isabel Knight
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