12746592
Description
Flashcards by Emma Fletcher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Fletcher
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid, carries the genetic code of an organism. Replication of DNA for cell division , provides code for protein synthesis |
| What is RNA? | Ribonucleic acid, synthesises proteins |
| What is ATP? | Adenosine Triphosphate is the universal energy currency of living organisms, can diffuse. Adenine joined to a ribose base and 3 phosphate groups |
| What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? | - phosphate group - pentose sugar - organic nitrogenous base |
| ATP hydrolysis | ATP + water -> ADP + pi, 30.6kJmol energy is released |
| What is a pyrimidine? | single ring structure, Cytosine, Thymine (DNA) and Uracil (RNA) |
| What is a purine? | double ring structure, Adenine, Guanine |
| Structure of DNA | 2 strands of nucleotides which are antiparallell , that form a double helix, with a sugar-phosphate backbone. A and T pair - 2H bonds C and G pair - 3H bonds |
| What are the types of RNA? | messenger RNA - formed in nucleus by transcription of a stand of DNA, carries code for polypeptide chain that will be formed in translation stage of protein synthesis ribosomal RNA - combines with protein to form ribosomes transfer RNA - transports amino acids to the ribosome for translation, has an anticodon and amino attachment site |
| Semi-conservative method for DNA replication | - one double-stranded molecules of DNA unwinds, hydrogen bonds are broken by DNA helicase - DNA polymerase catalyses the addition of free DNA nucleotides to form new complementary strands, using both original strands as templates - hydrogen bonds form between each complementary DNA strand, causing the molecule to twist into a double helix. - 2 molecules of DNA are identical to each other and the original strand of DNA |
| Meselson and Stahls proof of semi-conservative DNA replication | - cultivated bacteria in a flask in a nutrient medium which source of N was N-15 -Bacteria took up N-15 and used it in nitrogenous bases of nucleotides -sample of bacteria lysed & centifuged, DNA settled at a low point in tube. - Then put same bacteria in N-14 culture, lysed and centifuged, DNA settled at a mid point on tube - Then in N-14 again, centifuged and there is a midpoint and higher point |
| DNA vs. RNA vs. ATP sugar type strand bases function location no. P groups | |
| Advantages of ATP vs. Glucose | - ATP requires 1 reaction, glucose many to release energy - ATP requires only 1 enzyme, glucose many - ATP contains a smaller amount of energy so can be released when and where is needed, glucose has a lot which could be released all at once - ATP is universal |
| Process of DNA replication | - during interphase - DNA unzips with DNA helicase - Free nucleotide aligns next to their complimentary base pair - DNA polymerase catalysed formation of phosphodiester bond --> forming a new strand 1st leading strand 3' -> 5' 2nd lagging strand in sections, joined by DNA ligase |
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