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Flashcards

AVIS 2nd Sem Final prep. - March/April

Abraham Perrotta AVIS English 44 cards

Cards in this deck (44)

  1. 1Narrative AnalysisWe're looking for every opportunity to tell the best story possible in the primary action taking the direction received from the director
  2. 2Sound Narrativean extension of the diegesis world (what is real to the story)
  3. 33 orders of movement1. Primary
    2. Secondary
    3. Tertiary
  4. 4Primary MovementPrimary Movement is all primary visual movement and characterization of the subject. Ex: Automobiles in red bull.
    Subject exits/entrances are more impressive when they occur toward or away from the camera. Lateral movement of a subject is often lead by the camera, if not its less dramatic.
  5. 5Secondary MovementSecondary Movement aka 'The Camera'
    - the movement, angle and lens of the camera. Includes camera dolly, truck, pedestal, pan, tilt, roll
    Used to emphasize, dramatize or change composition of primary action narrative
  6. 6Tertiary MovementTertiary Movement aka 'The Editor'
    - sequence and timing of the visual edit (pace and rate)
    - Evaluating the relationship between length/speed of edits and camera angles chosen in relation to the primary and secondary action
  7. 7Purpose of a narrativeNarrative = Suspension of disbelief
    - The purpose is to rid the audience of any judgement concerning the implausibility of the narrative. AKA to make them BELIEVE
  8. 8Direct Narrative DialogueDirect Narrative Dialogue: acts as a direct storytelling role. If removed, you could not move on.
    - Establishes / fills in information to explain the picture we see on the seen
    - Think drone camera panning over the city while narrator briefly explains the story of a family of 3 children and divorced parents that still sometimes get together. When the shot picks up inside the house of 3 boys and a dad, we now know what their background is.
  9. 9Direct Narrative SFXDirect Narrative SFX: communication about what's going on in the story directly explained by a sound effect. Example, bellboy with leg brace, how do we communicate that he is sensitive about his handicap? By adding extreme reverb to the leg brace.
    - Time/Budget saver
  10. 10Subliminal NarrativeSubliminal Narrative: the purpose of this subliminal sign is to draw focus to an important part of the story
    - you need to supply enough information to be able to subtract it later on
    think: mail delivery drops off mail, and as the lady starts to read the atmosphere is slowly subtracted to add greater meaning and emotion to the story.
    - selecting elements to subtract varies the narrative impact of a particular scene
  11. 11Tertiary EditsTertiary Edits: hard cuts out of a subliminal subtractive. Slapping audience across the face and saying 'pay attention'
  12. 12Additive SubliminalAdditive Subliminal: taking an additional sound (car crash for example) and encoding it on top of moves already present (Johnny Depp getting pinned against the wall)
  13. 13Grammatical NarrativeA Grammatical Narrative
    - is a way to answer questions without going into detail
    - indicates the theme stays the same, despite scene changes
    Think: hearing sounds of a church before a cut into 2 men sitting on a bench in a building, indicates they are in fact in church
  14. 14The 3 types of Grammatical NarrativesL Cut: sound stays the same, visual cuts
    J Cut: Sound changes, visual stays the same
    Musical Grammatical: used to stitch a theme of Narrative throughout multiple picture edits
  15. 15Why use an L cut?L Cut: sound stays the same, visual cuts
    We could use an L cut to get rid of establishing shots, accelerate the story/character, to save money
  16. 16Why use a J-Cut?J Cut: Sound changes, visual stays the same
    We use a J cut to draw attention to important information by concluding narrative first with Audio, then with picture
  17. 17Musical GrammaticalWe could use a Musical Grammatical to stitch a theme of Narrative throughout multiple picture edits
  18. 18Perspective Narrative: Through 1st personPerspective Narrative: Through 1st person
    - Design and sound can help determine the audiences perspective in a scene
    - Atmospheres + BG's are much more heightened and active/dense. After that its foley
  19. 19Action is:Action is perspective
  20. 20Function is:Function is subliminal
  21. 21Surround Sound Channel basedChannel based:
    - encoding discrete channels of audio onto a digital medium with Dolby
  22. 22Surround Sound Matrix EncodingMatrix Encoding: Occurs with multichannel audio Matrix's to stereo mix
  23. 23Up-mixing:Up-mixing is created from stereo material never meant for surround playback. You lose the ability for a 2 channel
  24. 24Surround Sound 3D Spatial Audio optionsOption 1: Object based mixing
    Option 2: Scene Based (VR) Ambiosonic
  25. 25Object Based MixingObject Based Mixing refers to the use of Metadata to tell the sound where to playback (which speaker) as opposed to channel based
  26. 26Scene Based (VR) AmbiosonicScene Based (VR) Ambiosonic
    - recorded as channels, then renders to create spatial energy
  27. 27the purpose of Loudness MeteringLoudness Metering Purpose
    - to standardize loudness for consumer media.
  28. 28What we need to know for loudness meteringWhat we need to know for loudness metering:
    1. Loudness Standards
    2. Loudness Weighting
    3. Metering Method
  29. 29Loudness StandardsLoudness Standards: Audio loudness shall be measured using recommended loudness measurements found in ITU (international telecommunications union)
    BS1770-4: Latest standard to measure average long-term loudness, as well as "true peak" (global standards
    ATSC A85 (North America)
    follows the ITU 1770-4 measurement of loudness, unit expressed in LKFS
  30. 30BS1770-4BS1770-4: Latest standard to measure average long-term loudness, as well as "true peak" (global standards
  31. 31ATSC A85 (North America)ATSC A85 (North America)
    follows the ITU 1770-4 measurement of loudness, unit expressed in LKFS
  32. 32Guidelines for loudness:Guidelines for loudness:
    - recommends target loudness throughout a program to be -24LKFS (+/- 2LU tolerance)
    -24LKFS = program loudness
    Max True Peak value shall not exceed: -2dBTP
  33. 33EBU loudness:EBU Loudness:
    - follows the ITU 1770-4 measurement of loudness
    - unit of measurement expressed in LUFS
  34. 34EBU Guidelines for loudness:EBU Guidelines for loudness:
    - recommends target loudness throughout a program be -23LUFS (=/- 0.5LU)
    (+/- 1LU TV Tolerance)
    - Max true peak value shall not exceed: -1dBTB
  35. 35How is VR Recorded?VR is recorde with an Ambisonic Microphone
    - Recording side is A-format
    - Software side is B-format
    (Facebook 360 and youtube request 1st order B-format)
  36. 36TASATASA:
    - Trailer Audio Standards Associations
    - LEQ (M) Weighting
    - Recommends 85dB as average loudness
    - Max true peak -6dBTP (will vary
  37. 37What does ASWG SCE stand for?ASWG: Audio Standards Working Group
    SCE: Sony Computer Entertainment
  38. 38ASWG SCEASWG SCE
    Home based Interactive Audio
    - Follows the ITU 1770 - 3/4 measurement of loudness = -24LKFS (=/-2LU) -1.0dBTP
    Portable Interactive Audio:
    - Follows the ITU 1770 - 3/4 measurement of loudness = -18LKFS (=/-2LU) -1.0dBTP
    note: in reality, most of it is coming in at -16LKFS
  39. 39LUKFS LUFSLUKFS: loudness, K-weighted, relative to full scale
    LUFS - Loudness Units, relative to full scale
    ***a unit of LUKFS = LUFS
  40. 40LEQ (M)LEQ (M)
    - perceived loudness over time, designed for trailers (created by TASA)
    - evaluates content in the mid-higher frequency range in the cinema
    - expressed as dB
  41. 41LEQ (A)LEQ (A)
    - loudness measurements of dialogue
    (dial-norm)
    - Unit is in LKFS
    - Example target is -24 to -27LKFS (target will be specified)
  42. 42What elements do we use to measure loudness? EBUWhat elements do we use to measure loudness?
    EBU uses foreground audio as the anchor element to measure average loudness
    - elements that fall more than 10LU below the anchor elements will be gated out (especially in documentaries
  43. 43What elements do we use to measure loudness? LM1What elements do we use to measure loudness?
    LM1 measures all audio without selecting single anchor points
  44. 44What elements do we use to measure loudness? DIALWhat elements do we use to measure loudness?
    DIAL measures Dialogue as the anchor point for avg loudness, when dialogue is not detected, all audio will be gated
    - Target Loudness example: -24/-27LKFS (target loudness will vary from project to project)

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AVIS Flashcards on AVIS 2nd Sem Final prep. - March/April, created by Abraham Perrotta on 14/03/2018.
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