Classification and Cells Done

Question	Answer
Mrs Gren	Movement Reproduction Sensitivity Growth Respiration Excretion Nutrition
Movement	An action by an organism of part of an organism causing change of position. ex: Plants Grow towards the sun
Reproduction	The process of making more of the same kind of organism ex:The animals have offspring's, new plants grow from seeds
Sensitivity	The ability to detect or sense change in environment ( stimuli) and to make responses. ex: Temperature Change
Growth	A permanent increase in size by an increase in cell number or cell size; or both ex: Babies grow into adults
Respiration	The chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy ex: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Excretion	The removal from organisms of toxic materials, waste products or metabolism and substances in excess of requirements ex: Sweat and Carbon dioxide
Nutrition	Providing or obtaining the food necessary (containing raw materials or energy) for growth and tissue repair ex: Food is used to provide energy
Animalia	Multi-cellular. Cells have a nucleus. No chloroplasts (does not carry out photosynthesis). They are heterotrophic (ability to move). Stores carbohydrates as glycogen
Plantae	Multicellular. Cells have a nucleus and chloroplast ( for photosynthesis). Cellulose walls. Stores carbohydrates as starch and sucrose.
Fungi	Multicellular and unicellular. No chloroplast. Feed by saprotrophic nutrition. Body is organised into mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae. Hyphae contain many nuclei. Cell walls made from chitin, may store carbohydrates as glycogen
Prokaryotes	Unicellular and microscopic. Have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm. No nucleus but contains circular DNA, some have additional circular DNA called plasmids. Some carry out photosynthesis.
Levels of organisation within organisms	Organelles, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ system, Organism
Organelles	specialized structures with particular function within a living cell
Cells	basic structural and functional unit of all living organism
Tissues	specialized cells with similar function are grouped together as tissues.
Organs	tissues that work together to carry out specific vital function is called and organ
Organ System	Organs which work together to carry out specific functions is called an organ system
Organism	several organ systems make up a organism
Viruses	Non- living Smaller than bacteria Parasitic- can only reproduce inside a host Infect all living organisms Wide variety of shapes and sizes No cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid (DNA) or (RNA). Example of a virus is HIV
STEM Cells	STEM Cells are a cell type that can grow into anything. It can be found in bone marrow and organs. However it is more ideal to get one from a 5 day old embryo because it has no DNA. This means that it can grow a new heart and cure paralyzation.
Diffusion	Diffusion is the movement of from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. It requires no energy because it goes with the concentration gradient.
Osmosis	Osmosis is the movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a semipermeable membrane, it doesn't require energy as it travels along the concentration gradient
Active Transport	Movement of particles against the concentration gradient, from a low concentration to a high concentration, this does require energy from respiration, from protein “pumps” located in the cell membrane
Organelles in an Animal Cell	Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole
Organelles in a Plant Cell	Cell Wall Chloroplast Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Vacuole
Nucleus function	Protective container for the cell’s DNA, it never leaves the nucleus but RNA can be sent to other parts of the cell.
Ribosomes Function	Builds proteins by putting together long chains of Amino Acids according to the RNA message. Thousands in each cell.
Mitochondria Function	Converts Glucose into ATP and energy used in almost every reaction within the cell.
Cell Membrane Function	Controls what molecules are allowed in and out the cell, it is also known as the Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm Function	The gel like liquid that fills the cell. Contains proteins and dissolved ions that are involved in cell reactions
Vacuole Function in an Animal Cell	A membrane that can be filled with anything that needs to be separate. It stores food, water.
Cell Wall Function	Provides the shape of the cell and serves protective barrier. The wall is made of cellulose.
Chloroplast Function	Uses energy from sunlight to form glucose from CO2 and H20.Glucose is an energy storage molecule
Vacuole function for a Plant Cell	A membrane that can be filled with anything that needs to be separate. It stores food, water. Also helps maintain the cells rigidity
Sperm Cell Function and Adaptations	To fertilize the egg cell for reproduction The Flagellum ( the tail ) helps itself swim through the uterus. The spearhead helps penetrate the egg cell.
Egg Cell Function and Adaptations	To join with the sperm cell and provide food for the fetus Large, meaning it contains a lot of cytoplasm.
Root Hair Cell Function and Adaptations	To absorb water and minerals Large surface area and no chloroplast.
Ciliated Cells Function and Adaptations	Push and move mucus from one place to another. The cilia in the respiratory tract move mucus containing trapped microbes and dust Has a thin layer of tiny moving hairs called cilia
Palisade Cell Function and Adaptations	To absorb the light energy for Photosynthesis Large surface area, lots of chloroplast
Red Blood Cells Function and Adaptations	To carry oxygen to the rest of you body Biconcave shape for oxygen to pass through. Contains haemoglobin which joins oxygen to make oxyhaemoglobin.

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	Created by Maxime PANS about 6 years ago