Flashcards
8.2 The need for systematic, formal methods
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1If something is carried out systematically, what does this mean?Means that the system is carried out in an organised and logical manner.
- 2What are the reasons why Systematic, formal methods are needed?One analysis has taken place, the developer/systems analyst will need to draw up a systems specification in consultation with the managers and users.
Formal methods always lead to an efficient system. This is more effective than informal steps within the Systems Development Life Cycle. - 3What should Systematic formal methods do?Use project management.
Agree to deliverables.
Use a project plan with dates and deadlines.
Use milestones.
Achieve sign off. - 4What must be considered when large tasks are broken into smaller tasks?A defined timescale.
A approved budget.
Resourced e.g. Equipment and People. - 5What is a Project Manager within project management?The person responsible for the project, they are in charge of the development teams and are responsible if things go wrong with the project that is undertaken.
- 6What does the Project Manager do?They make sure that the project stays on track and runs smoothly. They will start off with a project plan which clearly shows what will be delivered and when.
They will be given a budget for the project that will have to be adhered to. - 7What is a Project Sponsor?The person usually at a director level who has asked for the development of the project, will regard the project as successful if it:
Matches client requirements exactly.
Is completed on time.
Does not go over budget. - 8What are some other factors that lead to the development and implementation of ICT systems?Clear timescale
Milestones
Agreed deliverables
Approval to proceed - 9Why are Clear timescales needed?Projects are given a clear timescale that MUST be followed. The deadlines are set to ensure that the organisation has something to work towards and this helps employees to feel motivated.
So, the organisation can roughly figure out how long the project is going to take to create. - 10What are Milestones?Point at which the progress of an ICT project is assessed. A milestone is a point in time by which certain parts of the project should be completed so that remedial action can be taken if needed.
- 11Why are Milestones needed?Milestones can be set when individual parts of the project must be completed by a certain date.
The project manager will review the project from time to time and if the timescale of some of the projects start to drift then remedial action can be taken to put the project back on course again. - 12What are Deliverables?Tasks that make up part of the project when completed.
- 13Why must their be Agreed Deliverables?Deliverables are the smaller tasks that are combined together to make up the project. They are agreed in advance by the project team and when completed, the team will meet with the users or project sponsors to sign the deliverables off.
This helps to ensure that a particular task is completed successfully. The team will need to sit down and agree to the deliverables that are going to be set before the project begins and will tell the project sponsor what these deliverables are. - 14Why must their be an Approval to Proceed?To get approval to proceed in a project from a project sponsor who is in charge of the project, the team must prepare a feasibility study to look at the costs of the system and the benefits of the system.
The feasibility report is a document outlining the results and conclusions about a study and will be presented to the people who have the authority to give the go ahead for the development of the system. - 15What is a Specification?It is a statement of the problem, not the solution, and everyone concerned must be in agreement with this specification.
- 16What is included within the Specification?The context of the new system.
How the system needs to interface with other systems.
Timescales.
Resources. - 17Why must work be broken down into smaller tasks?Large projects are broken down into simpler tasks so that a complex project can be understood more efficiently.
Each task should be clearly defined so that a member of a project team could take it away and work on it. - 18Why must organisations Allocate Tasks?Once tasks have been identified, tasks should be allocated to different people in the team so that they are performed in a sensible sequence.
The tasks need to be given to the project team members with the most appropriate skills to carry them out. - 19Why must organisations estimate the time taken to complete the tasks and the project?A fairly accurate estimate of the time to complete the task is needed in order for the more senior managers such as the project sponsors to allocate resources for the project e.g. human resources and money.
The time for the project to be completed is often a guess but the project manager can set a schedule based on their experience of other projects. - 20Why must you Establish Control?The project manager will constantly monitor the projects progress and will check the costs of the project so that it does not exceed the budget allocated.
There must be efficient oral communication between the project groups and the project manager.
Regular progress reports and meetings are used to monitor progress and to put in place remedial action if it is needed. - 21Why must you plan for errors?A project manager will change the project plan to take account of problems that may occur as few projects go smoothly.
They will usually build some time into schedules for problems such as staff leaving, sickness and technical problems etc.
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- A level ICT - A Level Flashcards on 8.2 The need for systematic, formal methods, created by Cameron Taylor on 26/05/2018.
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- Cameron Taylor
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