Flashcards
Geography - paper 3
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1UK less rainfall than northern Europelondon drier than istanbul
london near continent - not weather from atlantic
highest rainfall upland areas - 2UK average water use150l a day
- 3Growing demandincreased by 1% each year since 1930
increased wealth
changes in personal hygiene
out-of-season food
industry
increased population
usage average household increased 70% since 1985 - 4Water for food and products3400l a day
- 5Water stress UKsouth east
higher population density in low-lying area with little rainfall
5000/km2 - 6Problems caused by water stresstoo much removed from underground sources and rivers
over-abstraction (faster than replaced by rainfall) - sinking water tables so higher pumping costs
springs that supply rivers may dry up - 7Water companies25-year water resource plans
plan supply using methods agreed by environment agency
aim to maintain through drought with month's supply left - 8Rising water demand south-east England4900 million litres/day 2005
5600 million litres/day 2030 - 9Leakageexpected to fall by 25% 2030
(20% supply england and wales lost leaky pipes) - 10Non-household demandincrease by 200 million litres/day 2005-2030
- 11Household demandincrease from 164l to 180l 2005-2030
- 12Water transfer proposalriver severn 160km from mid-wales to thames to supply london and south-east
kielder reservoir northumberland to east and south-east england where greater need
most likely neighbouring regions - 13Concernsexpensive - pumping water long distances
impact on environment (dams) - disrupt ecology and block migrating species, algae deoxygenates water
increased carbon emissions
displaced people
droughts - 14Other aspects of schemesmeasures to reduce demand
repair leaky pipes - make it easier to report and increase response time
new reservoirs
recycling sewage water - 15Thames water water stresslower rainfall
increased consumption
more households
industrial growth
leakage - 2017 thames water 735 million litres a day
population + 100,000 a year
climate change - more evaporation + less snow which releases water slowly through spring and summer - 16Pressures of water stress decreased bywater-efficient dishwashers and washing machines
new water-efficient housing and grey water - 17Reservoir Oxfordshirewater transferred from other parts of uk
embankment - site agricultural and low-lying (20m) - 18Thames basin rainfall737mm
national average 885mm
2/3 rainfall lost by evaporation - 19Abingdon reservoirto reduce future risk of drought to ensure water supplies are sustainable
otherwise oxford shortfall 1 million litres of water a day 2020
reducing water leakage and encouraging less water use unlikely to solve problem of growing demand
store help seasonal precipitation and variations in demand - 20Total household water use1377 million litres/day 2011-12
1634 million litres a day 2039-40
= 257 million litres/day - 21Farmoor reservoir (existing)wetland wildlife habitats - nature reserves
birdwatching - car parks and toilets
walkway
fishing
sailing and windsurfing - 22Negatives Abingdon reservoirhabitats destroyed - protected species displaced
visually intrusive
disruption during building - millions of tonnes of rock and building materials
increased risk of flooding
impact on local who won't see the benefits - most to supply london - 23Alternativesmanaging existing water supply - reduce leakage
encourage lower water use
more smaller reservoirs - less disruption
water re-use in london - treatment works
desalination plants (but very expensive and requires lots of energy) - 24Positives: local- new wetland habitats and nature reserves like farmoor reservoir
- leisure activities - birdwatching, photography, walking, fishing, windsurfing and sailing
- no new houses near abingdon
- oxford shortfall 1 million litres a day 2020 if no action - 25Positives: national- will store 150 billion litres of water to supplement thames water supply in area of water stress
- 26Negatives: local- habitats destroyed
- visually unappealing 20m embankments
- disruption during building
- abingdon increased flooding - 500 properties at risk
- may not alleviate water stress in area - 90% used to benefit london
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- - XGCSE Flashcards on Geography - paper 3, created by Emily H on 05/06/2018.
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- Emily H
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