Psych 10 - Pre-Midterm

Question	Answer
Expert Blind Spot	tfw you know the answer so now when asked how you got it and pretend to solve it for the first time you can't
Barnum Effect	something meant for everyone!! generalization is me!!!
Evolution of Psychology	Structuralism --> Functionalism --> Behaviorism --> Cognitive Revolution
Institutional Review Boards	the ones that approve standards of an experiment
Why is testing ourselves so good for our memories?	Retrieval == memory modifier; testing strengthens retrieval
Retrograde vs Anterograde Amnesia	can't remember things from past vs can't remember new things
Broca's vs Wernick's Aphasia	difficult to talk vs nonsensical speech
Which side of the brain controls which side of your body?	Contralateral organization: Left brain controls right; right brain controls left; left brain is speech-based while right brain can draw
Bottom Up Processing vs Top Down Processing	processing based on physical features of stimulus from basic to complex vs past exp shape the interpretation of sensory info (context)
Transduction	sensation --> perception
Weber's Law	to be conceived as different, the intensity of two stimuli must vary by a constant proportion aka as intensity increases the less sensitive to change
Cones vs Rods	cones = in retina (look directly); color and detail sensitivity rods = periphery; high sensitivity in dim light
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Color Theory	three types of cones: red-orange, y-g, b-v
Opponent Process Theory	three sets of retinal processes: r/g, y/b, w/black
Gestalt Principles	Figure Ground (foreground vs bkgd) Grouping (continuation + similarity) Closure (connect things that aren't there) Common Fate
Monocular Cues	things that help us perceive depth using one eye ex: height, size, light/shadow, linear perspective
Prosopagnosia	face blindness
Achromatopsia	inability to perceive color despite having functional eye
Classical Conditioning; the three steps and stimuli?	acquisition: neutral stim (smth that should not have caused reaction) + uncond. stim (ie food) = uncond reaction (salivating) extinction: cond. stim + no food === no uncond reaction can have spontaneous recovery
Generalization vs Discrimination	similar stimuli can elicit same response vs ability to tell diff between similar but distinct stimuli
Classical vs Operant Conditioning	reactive behaviors vs voluntary behavior through interaction w environment
Thorndike's Law of Effect and the 4 kinds (reinforcement or punishment)	positive reinforcement: adding good thing negative reinforcement: removing bad thing positive punishment: adding bad thing negative punishment: removing good thing
What type of reinforcement is the strongest? (fixed/variable and interval (time) /ratio (amount))	variable ratio is most resistant to extinction (ie gambling problem: reward after a random amount of behaviors
Critical lures and their effects?	can cause fake memories when presented with words that relate to something but never mention it
schemas	organized knowledge of structures or mental models stored in memory
Declarative vs Non Declarative Memory	explicit vs implicit verbally vs behaviorally conscious awareness vs conditioning
Declarative: episodic vs semantics	discrete events, prospective memory, personally experienced vs facts, general knowledge
Flashbulb Memory	memories that are vivid and are seared in your mind even if you don't want them to; can be altered
Hind Brain	Cerebellum (motor skills) Medulla (heart rate, circulation) Reticular Formation (sleep) Pons (connects brain step to brain)
Subcortical Structures	Limbic system: hypothalamus (emotions), pituitary (motivation), hippocampus (memory) Basal Ganglia: intentional movement
Brain Lobes	Occipital (visual) Parietal (sensory) Frontal (speaking + decisions) Temporal (auditory + language)

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Psych 10 - Pre-Midterm

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	Created by Quynh Tran almost 6 years ago