Flashcards
Greece Topic 4
Cards in this deck (80)
- 1Instead of being reliant on a few staple crops, the civilizations who flourished in Crete and Greece focused on ___________, which resulted in their dominance of what would become the most contested _________ in the ancient worldmaritime trade
waterway - 2Greece is North of the ______________ Sea and west of the __________ Sea. The island of Crete is in the __________ Sea.Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea - 3Greece is made up of many different ________, situated within the _______ and __________ Seasislands
Mediterranean and Black - 4Due to the nature of Greece’s soils, ________ and ___________ flourished throughout the mainland and islands, while staple crops like _______ did not.olives and grapes
wheat - 5In addition to rugged mountains and narrow coastal areas, which of the following is reflective of Grecian geography?Poor soils within deep rocky valleys
- 6around ______ BCE, the palace at Knossos was a multifunctional complex1700 BCE
- 7Similar to the political palace structure in Egypt, the palace of _________ was the center of both _______ and __________ authoritypalace of Knossos
political and religious - 8Grecian writing system first involved thousands of _________ similar to ______ writing systemsymbols
Egypt's - 9Whereas the Phoenician system was composed of 22 sound symbols, the Minoan system was made up of ___ phonetic signs, which became the basis for the _____________60
ancient Greek language - 10Minoan based writing system in which the symbols appeared from left to right. Sir Arthur Evans found a large number of sun-dried clay tablets with these symbolsLinear A writing system.
- 11The fact that Linear B used ____ syllabic signs, suggests that some type of Minoan-Mycenaean cultural diffusion began to take shape after ______1400 BCE
- 12Michael Ventris, a British linguist and cryptologist, deciphered the________ writing system in the early 1950s, he found that the language used by the Mycenaeans was ____________ based, not Minoan,Linear B
Indo-European - 13The Mycenaeans appear to have been economically prosperous, as evidenced by the discovery of ________ ______, similar to the those of the Minoan elites at Creteelaborate tombs
- 14Around 1200 BCE what three civilizations suffered collapse?Mycenaean
Egyptian
Near East - 15During the Dark Age additional waves of Greek tribes from the north descended into the ________ __________ and expanded into the ______ ____. occupying islands and the western coast of what is today modern __________Greek penninsula
Aegean Sea
Turkey - 16Greek soldiers, called _______, were free citizens who worked as _______ or ________ and used their own resources to buy _________ and _______hoplites
farmers or artisans
weapons and armor - 17Phalanxrows that hoplites gathered in when going to battle. Linked their shields together
- 18First helmet design to be standardizedCorinthean
- 19The word hoplite was derived from the shield which was called a _____. These shields were made of ______ and were about _____ ft in diameterhoplon
made of wood, 3 ft diameter - 20Spears were __ - ___ feet long with an ____ spearhead and _____ spike at the other end6-8 feet long
iron spearhead
bronze spike - 21A primary reason for the Greek's win at Marathon was that the shields and armor of the Persians was not effective against Greek ______swords
- 22The Second Peloponnesian War was fought between the two most powerful city-states of the period: ________ and ________. They each strengthened themselves by forming alliances with:Athens and Sparta
other city-states within their regions - 23Step 1 Thebes: Thebes sided with Persia during the Persian War and was later punished by ________ following the Greek VictoryAthens
- 24Step 2 Thebes: _________ intervened and saved Thebes from destruction forming an alliance that played a role in the start of the Peloponnesian WarSparta
- 25Step 3 Thebes: It was _________ attack on the Athenian ally of Plataea that launched the Peloponnesian WarThebes's
- 26Step 4 Thebes: After Sparta's victory, _______ wanted to destroy Athens, but Sparta chose instead to ______ AthensThebes
annex - 27Corinth’s location on the isthmus that connects __________ with __________ made it a strategically important city in the Peloponnesian War.the Pelopennese with central Greece
- 28Athens’ decision in 433 BCE to ally itself with the city-state of Corcyra, a ________ colony, led to increased tensions, paving the way for the beginning of the war, two years later.Corinthean
- 29After the Persian Wars, Athens established an association of city-states called the Delian League to form a defense against future attacks by the Persians. The name of the league was derived from the city-state of _______ .Delos
- 30Because Athens exerted such powerful control over the Delian League, it is sometimes called the _______ ________. Sparta’s discomfort with the _______ ______ helped spark the _______ __________ ____Athenian Empire
Delian League
Second Peloponnesian War - 31The battle of __________ in _____ BCE was the first fighting that took place between Greece and Persia in the Persian wars.Marathon in 490 BCE
- 32The messenger _________ ran 26.2 miles from _______ to _________ to annnounce victoryPheidippides
from Marathon to Athens - 33Persian King Xerxus punishes the water with ____ ________ after a storm ruins his bridges for war300 lashes
- 34Persians made a strategic error sailing too many ships into the _____ __ _______. Persians flee to _____ and Persian Wars end.Straits of Salamis
Asia - 35Colonization during the Archaic Period had which of the following results in settled areas?Distribution of Greek Culture
As the excess populations of Greek communities spread out, they brought Greek culture and language with them and increased permeation into the new lands. - 36Scholars denote the beginning of the Classical Period with the Persian Wars, but it is a period defined specifically by the dominance of certain city-states, particularly _____ and ______, and significant social, economic, and cultural changesAthens and Sparta
- 37_______ was a massive empire that enveloped all of the eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. It stretched as far as Pakistan in South Asia and attempted to add Greece to its domain.Persia
- 38The rivalry between what two leagues reached a boiling point, eventually erupted into two wars?Delian League of Athens
Peloponnesian League led by Sparta - 39The resurrection of the Peloponnesian League in ________ was a prominent expression of the intense ________ of Greece’s two major city-states following the Persian War.Sparta
rivalry - 40The __________ ________ was named after the peninsula in which Sparta and neighboring city-states residedPeloponnesian League
- 41After defeating Athens in the Second Peloponnesian War, what three countries shared in the spoils of the win?Sparta
Thebes
Corinth - 42Wars weakened all parties involved, and led to the rise of the Kingdom of ________, which ultimately conquered a good portion of the Greek world.Macedonia
- 43In a span of less than a decade in the fourth century BCE, _____________ conquered an incredible swath of territory from Greece, south to Egypt, and east to the Himalaya Mountains in IndiaAlexander the Great
- 44AcropolisA settlement built atop elevated ground, often for defense purposes. Many built in Ancient Athens
- 45What building was finished in 447 BCE after 9 years of construction. Was built to honor Arthena, the god of war and was inspiration for the U.S. Supreme Court buildingParthenon
- 46translated to "gathering place" and was found in all city-statesAgora
- 47A place at a low hill made for trials and had significance for administrative, religious and educational functionsAreopagus
- 48a small hill in central athens where one of the world's first democratic legislatures would meet. 13000 citizens could sit on the hill and watch while some of the greatest political debates took placeThe Pynx
- 49Plays by Sophocles, Euripides, Aescylus and Aristophanes were performed here for a crowd of up to 17,000 at a theatre to honor the god of the grape harvest and wineTheatre of Dionysus
- 50a type of leader characterized by the lack of constitutional manner of power acquisitiontyrant
- 51Collectively, tyrants tried to ___________ and ______________, which had fallen into disuse after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilizationrestore public safety and revive writing
- 52crafted policies that allowed all citizens to vote, cancelled land mortgage contracts, outlawed the practice of using a debtors son for collateral, released all Athenians who had been enslaved due to debtSolon (638-558) authorized to craft policies in 594 bCE
- 53In regards to Athenian democracy... Out of a population of roughly 300,000, only about _____________ were considered Athenian citizens.45,000 (15%)
- 54Two leaders who founded new ideas, reforms and policies regarding a democratic GreeceSalon and Pericles
- 55Working in conjunction with political reforms,__________ public works initiatives increased economic prosperity and political stabilityPericles'
- 56helped create a greater balance between the social classes by cancelling land mortgages and outlawing controversial debtor practices, thereby endearing him to the lower classes. helped alleviate growing social injustices by opening up the vitally important citizen assembly and judicial courts to all classes.Solon
- 57_____________ were highly regulated and kings strictly controlled the production of money.Hellenistic Economies
- 58The Helenistic Colony __________ continued the use of the Persian system of satrapies and satrapal governorsThe Seleucids
- 59The Helenistc colony __________ relied on the administrative divisions of previous Egyptian kings. In Egypt, _________ also relied on a census in order to calculate tax revenues.The Ptolemies
- 60In the relationship between the ____ and the ___________ the king cultivated loyalty by giving gifts, tax-exemptions, or undertaking building projects. The cities in turn frequently gave the kings honors.the king and the goverors of city-states
- 61___________________ experienced a unique surge in political power and influence during the Hellenistic monarchies, especially within the royal court.women
- 62The “age of recovery” following the collapse of __________ and birth of _____________ is typically associated with the growth of the __________ culture, a fusion of Minoan, Mycenaean, and later Greek tribal cultures into a broader Greek culture.the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization
Classical Greece
Panhellenic culture - 63Minoan gods and goddesses joined those of the Indo-Europeans to gradually form a pantheon of gods and goddesses, with the main group known as theTwelve Olympians
- 64___________ were Indo-European migrants who integrated alongside the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures into what would be the __________ civilization.Greeks
Pan-Hellenic civilization - 65The _______ gods and goddesses were brought into the Greek pantheon through the conquest by the Mycenaeans.Minoan
- 66_________________ was more important than freedom and ___________ were considered secondary to the needs of the polis.Collective responsbility
individual rights - 67Study of philosophy aka"love of wisdom"
- 68Three philosphers who taught Only through reason, empirical observation, and the determined dissemination of knowledge could humans come to know and understand realitySocrates, Plato & Aristotle
- 69"True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing" condemmed to death after not believing in "the gods of the state"Socrates (469-399 BCE)
- 70"All the gold which is under or upon the earth is not enough to give in exchange for virtue"Plato
- 71"Without friends, no one would choose to live, though he had all other goods"Aristotle
- 72"There is geometry in the humming of the strings. There is music in the space of the spheres" Famous mathematical theorumPythagoras
- 73"If your desires are not great, then little will seem much to you; for small appetite makes poverty equivilant to wealth" coined everything is composed of atomsDemocritus
- 74__________ refers to Greek culture existing before the arrival of Alexander the Great (such as the work of Socrates and Plato) and ___________ refers to Greek-based culture as spread by Alexander and his followers to non-Greeks following his conquestsHellenic
Hellenistic - 75Perhaps the most visible achievement of Hellenization was:the founding of a number of cities—all named after Alexander the Great—in India, Afghanistan, Persia, Egypt, and Syria
- 76Hellenistic cities were _____________—cities of the world. People of different ethnicities lived in and passed through them.cosmopoleis
- 77Hellenistic legal and ethical structures, as well as scientific and mathematical fields were greatly influenced by:Greek philosophers
- 78Like palaces in ancient Egypt, the palace at Knossos was:a center of political and religious authority
- 79The Minoan civilization used the _________ writing system, which has not yet been deciphered, unlike ___________, which was deciphered by a British linguist in the early 1950s.Linear A
Linear B - 80Two events led to the decline of the Minoan civilization: a massive volcanic eruption on the island of Thera in 1628 BCE, and the conquest of the Minoans by around 1420 BCEa massive volcanic eruption on the island of Thera in 1628 BCE,
and the conquest of the Minoans by Mycenaean invaders from mainland Greece around 1420 BCE
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- Flashcards on Greece Topic 4, created by Maggie Webster on 27/06/2018.
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- Maggie Webster
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