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Flashcards

NASM Chapter 5 Human Movement Science Vocab

Brittany Contrera Personal Training nasm English 47 cards

Cards in this deck (47)

  1. 1BiomechanicsThe science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the effects produced by theses forces.
  2. 2SuperiorPositioned above a point of reference.
  3. 3InferiorPositioned below a point of reference.
  4. 4ProximalPositioned nearest the center of the body, or the point of reference.
  5. 5DistalPositioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference.
  6. 6Anterior (or Ventral)On the front of the body.
  7. 7Posterior (or Dorsal)On the back of the body.
  8. 8MedialPositioned near the middle of the body.
  9. 9LateralPositioned toward the outside of the body.
  10. 10ContralateralPositioned on the opposite side of the body.
  11. 11IpislateralPositioned on the same side of the body.
  12. 12Anatomic PositionThe position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position is of importance is anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature. Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial, and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.
  13. 13Sagittal PlaneAn imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.
  14. 14FlexionA bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.
  15. 15ExtensionA straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.
  16. 16HyperextensionExtension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.
  17. 17Frontal PlaneAn imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.
  18. 18AbductionA movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body.
  19. 19AdductionMovement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.
  20. 20Transverse PlaneAn imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.
  21. 21Internal RotationRotation of the joint toward the middle of the body.
  22. 22External RotationRotation of a joint away from the middle of the body.
  23. 23Horizontal AbductionMovement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.
  24. 24Horizontal AdductionMovement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.
  25. 25Scapular RetractionAdduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline.
  26. 26Scapular ProtractionAbduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from midline.
  27. 27Scapular DepressionDownward (inferior) motion of the scapula.
  28. 28Scapular ElevationUpward (superior) motion of the scapula.
  29. 29Eccentric Muscle ActionAn eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.
  30. 30Concentric Muscle ActionWhen a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscles.
  31. 31Isometric Muscle ActionWhen a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length.
  32. 32Isokinetic Muscle ActionWhen a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion.
  33. 33ForceAn influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.
  34. 34Length- Tension RelationshipThe resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.
  35. 35Force-CoupleMuscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.
  36. 36Rotary MotionMovement of the bones around the joints.
  37. 37TorqueA force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm.
  38. 38Motor BehaviorMotor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.
  39. 39Motor ControlHow the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.
  40. 40Motor LearningIntegration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.
  41. 41Motor DevelopmentThe change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.
  42. 42Muscle SynergiesGroups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement.
  43. 43ProprioceptionThe cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.
  44. 44Sensorimotor IntegrationThe cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.
  45. 45FeedbackThe use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.
  46. 46Internal FeedbackThe process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.
  47. 47External FeedbackInformation provided by some external source, such as health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment.

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nasm Personal Training Flashcards on NASM Chapter 5 Human Movement Science Vocab, created by Brittany Contrera on 05/08/2018.
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