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Endocrine System Flashcards

Taneka Dunn Anatomy and Physiology English 42 cards

Cards in this deck (42)

  1. 1endocrine systema collection of glands and groups of cells thats secrete hormones that regulate growth,development, and homeostsis
  2. 2hormoneschemical "messengers" of the endocrine system that are released into the blood
  3. 3protein hormonesclass of hormones that cannot pass through the cell membrane; less likely to be stored in the body
  4. 4steroid hormoneclass of hormones that can pass through the cell membrane; can be stored in the body
  5. 5prostaglandinslocal hormones that do not enter the bloodstream
  6. 6positive feedbackProcess that amplifies a small change (Reinforce change)
  7. 7negative feedbacka response that opposes the original stimulus
  8. 8one messenger modelmechanism of hormone action used by steroid hormones which bring their message directly into the cell
  9. 9two messenger modelmechanism of hormone action used by protein hormones; attach to cell membrane receptors which activate enzymes in the cell to produce the desired effect
  10. 10hypersecretionexcessive hormone production by an endocrine gland
  11. 11hyposecretiondeficient hormone production by an endocrine gland
  12. 12pituitary glandthe master gland of the endocrine system
  13. 13growth hormonehormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones
  14. 14luteinizing hormoneA protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.
  15. 15ProlactinPeptide hormone released by anterior pituitary which promotes lactation.
  16. 16follicle stimulating hormonesecreted in increasing amounts during puberty, by the anterior pituitary gland, to stimulate development of reproductive cell follicles
  17. 17adrenocorticotropic hormoneA peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.
  18. 18oxytocinA hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. It induces contractions of the uterine muscles during labor.
  19. 19antidiuretic hormonehormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland which aids in water reabsorption by the kidney
  20. 20hypothalamuspart of the brain which links the endocine and nervous system, and controls the pituitary gland.
  21. 21acromegalyHypersecretion of the GH in adults which causes an overgrowth of bones in the hands, feet, and face
  22. 22thyroid glandgland found in neck that regulates rate of metabolism; produces thyroxine
  23. 23calcitoninProduced by the thyroid gland and decreases the blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium deposit in the bones. The antagonist of the parathyroid hormone.
  24. 24parahormonesecreted by parathyroid glands and controls calcium and phosphate metabolism
  25. 25tetanycondition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone
  26. 26osteoporosisa condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily; may be caused by hypersecretion of parahormone
  27. 27adrenal glandone of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys, consisting of a cortex, which produces steroidal hormones, and a medulla, which produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
  28. 28cortexouter part of kidney which produces corticosteroids; helps body deal with longtern stress
  29. 29medullainner part of kidney which produces epineprine and norepinephrine
  30. 30cortisolsecreted from the adrenal cortex, aids the body during stress by regulating glucose, carbohydrates, and fat levels
  31. 31aldosteronea corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland, regulates mineral balance in blood and controls fluid volumes
  32. 32Cushing syndromeexcessive production of cortisol by adrenal cortex with symptoms of abnormal fat deposits and wasting away of muscle
  33. 33pancreaslocated partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon
  34. 34insulina hormone secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose
  35. 35glucagonhormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas; raises blood glucose levels
  36. 36diabetesa condition in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body's cells cannot use it properly, characterized by excessive thirst, weight loss/gain, frequent urination.
  37. 37estrogena general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics
  38. 38progesteroneA hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.
  39. 39testosteroneThe male sex hormone produced by the testes which promotes the maturation of the reproductive system accessory structures, and development of the male secondary sex characteristics.
  40. 40pineal glandA small mass of tissue near the center of the brain; it secretes the hormone melatonin.
  41. 41melatoninHormone secreted by the pineal gland, used to regulate sleep patterns.
  42. 42Thymus glandGland located near the heart; it aids in the body's defence against infection by making antibodies

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Anatomy and Physiology (Endocrine System) Flashcards on Endocrine System Flashcards, created by Taneka Dunn on 10/08/2018.
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Taneka Dunn
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