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FUND. VIS. PERCEPTION LECTURE 3 - PERCEPTION

ore Lawson FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROANATOMY AND VISUAL PERCEPTION YEAR 1 English 79 cards

FUND. VIS. PERCEPTION LECTURE 3 - PERCEPTION

Cards in this deck (79)

  1. 1CEREBRAL CORTEX what changes more between species, thickness of cortex or surface area?surface area
  2. 2NEURONS IN THE CORTEX how many horizontal layers found n the neocortex?6
  3. 3CORTICAL CELLS three basic types of neurons in the primate V1 and their neurotransmittor?> spiny pyramidal cells (glutamate - excitatory)
    > spiny stellate cells (glutamate - excitatory)
    > smooth pr sparsely spinous interneurons (almost all are GABA)    CORTICAL CELLS three basic types of neurons in the primate V1 and their neurotransmittor?
  4. 4PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX: V1 also calledthe striate cortex
  5. 5PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX: V1 axons leaving the dLGN make up ?the optic radiations that project primarily to V1
  6. 6STRIA OF GENNARI where is it found?only in the striate cortexSTRIA OF GENNARI where is it found?
  7. 7STRIA OF GENNARI clearly seen with? but also visible to?> myelin stain
    > naked eye    STRIA OF GENNARI clearly seen with? but also visible to?
  8. 8LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX What is the main input layer?4
  9. 9LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX what is the main projection/feedforward layer?2/3
  10. 10LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX what is the main feedback layer?6
  11. 11LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX density of layer one? is it on the inner or outer surface?sparse and on the outer surfaceLAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX density of layer one? is it on the inner or outer surface?
  12. 12LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX layer 2 is comprised mainly of what type of cells? > what is this layer also called?small spherical cells
    > external granule layer
  13. 13LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX layer 3 is comprised of?> variety of cell types, many pyramidal cells
  14. 14LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX size of the deeper cells vs superficial cells in layer 3? > what is this layer also called?> larger
    > external pyramidal layer
  15. 15LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX > primarily what type of cell in layer 4? > what is this layer also called?> granule cells
    > internal granule cell layer
  16. 16LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX > size of cells in layer 5 vs layer 3 > what is layer 5 also called?> bigger
    > internal pyramidal cell layer
  17. 17LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX > what is layer 6 also known as? > this layer typically blends into?> multiform layer
    white matter
  18. 18LAYERS IN THE CORTEX - VISUAL CORTEX layers I,II,and III are supragranular/infragranular?supragranular
  19. 19layers V to VI are supragranular/infragranular?infragranular
  20. 20LAYER 4 OF THE VISUAL CORTEX layer 4 splits into? (5)> 4A
    > 4B
    > 4Cα
    > 4Cβ
  21. 21LAYER 4 OF THE VISUAL CORTEX receives most of its inputs from?the LGN
  22. 22INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Magnocellular inputs are predominately to layer? weaker secondary projection to?> 4Cα
    > 4A and 6    INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Magnocellular inputs are predominately to layer? weaker secondary projection to?
  23. 23INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Parvocellular inputs are predominatly to layer? weaker secondary prokections to?> layer 4Cβ
    > 4A and 6    INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Parvocellular inputs are predominatly to layer? weaker secondary prokections to?
  24. 24INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX konicellular inputs are predominately to?Specific substructures in layers 2/3INPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX konicellular inputs are predominately to?
  25. 25OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Extrastriate cortex - what predominately outputs to here? what has a smaller projection to here?> 2/3 and 4B
    > 6    OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX Extrastriate cortex - what predominately outputs to here? what has a smaller projection to here?
  26. 26OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX what layer feedbacks to the LGN?6OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX what layer feedbacks to the LGN?
  27. 27OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX what layer outputs to superior colliculus?5OUTPUT LAYERS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX what layer outputs to superior colliculus?
  28. 28VISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS receptive field of a visual neuron is?the region of the visual field where a stimulus can trigger a response
  29. 29VISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS most basic/fundamental property of visual receptive fields in V1 is?Retinotopy
  30. 30VISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS Retinotopy meaning for V1nearby cells in V1 represent nearby locations in the visual field
  31. 31VISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS V1 represents space in?a retinotopic mapVISUAL RECEPTIVE FIELDS V1 represents space in?
  32. 32CORTICAL MAGNIFICATION Cortical magnification factor is expressed in?millimeters of cortical surface per degree of visual angle (much greater for foveal representation)CORTICAL MAGNIFICATION Cortical magnification factor is expressed in?
  33. 33BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1 properties (6)> retinotopy and cortical magnification
    > ocular dominance
    > orientation selectivity
    > direction selectivity
    > depth selectivity
    > colour selectivity
  34. 34BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: OCULAR DOMINANCE how are ocular dominance columns formed?different lamina of the LGN going to seperate "zones" in the cortexBASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: OCULAR DOMINANCE how are ocular dominance columns formed?
  35. 35OCULAR DOMINANCE COLUMNS how much space is devoted to each eye?500um in width to each eye
  36. 36OCULAR DOMINANCE COLUMNS what type of pattern does it form across the cortical surface?zebra-like
  37. 37BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: ORIENTATION SELECTIVITY is this property found in the LGN or RETINA?NOBASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: ORIENTATION SELECTIVITY is this property found in the LGN or RETINA?
  38. 38ORIENTATION COLUMNS do orientatation preference vary a little or a lot in vertical penetrations through the cortex? and apart from what layer?> very little
    > layer 4    ORIENTATION COLUMNS do orientatation preference vary a little or a lot in vertical penetrations through the cortex? and apart from what l...
  39. 39ORIENTATION COLUMNS Oblique penetrations through the cortex reveal that?nearby neighbours encode similar orientationsORIENTATION COLUMNS Oblique penetrations through the cortex reveal that?
  40. 40HOW DO NEURONS BECOME SENSITIVE TO ORIENTATION explainconcentric receptive fields can be added together to make elongated fields with ORIENTATION preference and sperate ON/OFF zonesHOW DO NEURONS BECOME SENSITIVE TO ORIENTATION explain
  41. 41HOW DO NEURONS BECOME SENSITIVE TO ORIENTATION what are elongated fields with orientation prefernces called?simple cells
  42. 42SIMPLE CELLS what are they?Elongated antagonistic receptive fields
  43. 43SIMPLE CELLS highly selective for? (2)> size of stimulus (SF)
    > orientation
  44. 44SIMPLE CELLS small RFs like?high SFs
  45. 45SIMPLE CELLS large Rfs like?low SFs
  46. 46SIMPLE CELLS RFs sizes increase/decreaes with eccentricity?increase
  47. 47SIMPLE CELLS sensitivive to what phase?spatial
  48. 48COMPLEX CELLS what are they?> they sum up multiple simple cells to produce a receptive field that has overlapping ON and OFF responsesCOMPLEX CELLS what are they?
  49. 49COMPLEX CELLS is its spatial antagonism less or more defined?less
  50. 50COMPLEX CELLS sensitive or insensitive to phaes?insensitive
  51. 51COMPLEX CELLS smaller or larger RFslarger
  52. 52COMPLEX CELLS more transient or less transient than simple cells?more transient
  53. 53SIMPLE CELLS are they phase sensitive?yesSIMPLE CELLS are they phase sensitive?
  54. 54COMPLEX CELLS are they phase sensitive?noCOMPLEX CELLS are they phase sensitive?
  55. 55HYPERCOMPLEX CELLS what are they tuned to?length.
    They respond maximally to a defined length and are inhibited if the stimulus is longer than this
  56. 56HYPERCOMPLEX CELLS sensitive to phase?phase insentiive mixed ON and OFF subregionsHYPERCOMPLEX CELLS sensitive to phase?
  57. 57HYPERCOMPLEX CELLS what are they made of?overlapping short excitatory field with long inhibitory field.
    > similar to centre-surround LGN field    HYPERCOMPLEX CELLS what are they made of?
  58. 58SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS does simple have a seperate on/off?yesSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS does simple have a seperate on/off?
  59. 59SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS does complex have seperate on/off?noSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS does complex have seperate on/off?
  60. 60SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's level of spontaneous activity?lowSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's level of spontaneous activity?
  61. 61SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's level of spontaneous activity?highSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's level of spontaneous activity?
  62. 62SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's location?4 and 6SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's location?
  63. 63SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's location?2/3 and 5SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's location?
  64. 64SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's orientation tuning?tightSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS simple's orientation tuning?
  65. 65SIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's orientation tuning?broadSIMPLE VS COMPLEX RFS complex's orientation tuning?
  66. 66BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DIRECTION SELECTIVITY mostly found in layers in V1?4BBASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DIRECTION SELECTIVITY mostly found in layers in V1?
  67. 67BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DIRECTION SELECTIVITY what does 4B project from V1 to? what are these layers invovled in?> V2
    > MT
    motion processing    BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DIRECTION SELECTIVITY what does 4B project from V1 to? what are these layers invovled in?
  68. 68BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DEPTH SELECTIVITY disparity sensitivity?difference between the two eyes viewsBASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DEPTH SELECTIVITY disparity sensitivity?
  69. 69BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: DEPTH SELECTIVITY disparity sensitivity is found mainly in?the upper layers
  70. 70BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: COLOUR SELECTIVITY where are blobs of CO found?V1
  71. 71BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: COLOUR SELECTIVITY Where are stripes of CO found?V2
  72. 72BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: COLOUR SELECTIVITY what are cells in the blobs poorly tuned for? > what are cell in the blobs tuned for?> orientation
    > wavelength selective thus colour tuned
  73. 73BASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: COLOUR SELECTIVITY what type of oponency is found in V1 blob cells?double-opponencyBASIC ORGANISATION OF V1: COLOUR SELECTIVITY what type of oponency is found in V1 blob cells?
  74. 74REVISED ICE CUBE MODEL V1 draw and labelREVISED ICE CUBE MODEL V1 draw and label
  75. 75OPTICAL IMAGING HELPED REVISE V1 MODELS EVEN MORE what is optical imaging?a technique that allows one to map different response properties in vivo
  76. 76OPTICAL IMAGING HELPED REVISE V1 MODELS EVEN MORE what does optical imaging rely on?the fact that active tissue scatters light differently than inactive tissue
  77. 77OPTICAL IMAGING HELPED REVISE V1 MODELS EVEN MORE what can optical imaging be uesd to map? (3 points) can produce what type of map of these properties?> OD
    > OP
    > and other response properties from the same location
    to produce a 2D map of these properties
  78. 78DISCRETE CORTICAL MODEL what is it?> block of tissue that contains:
    > one set of orientation columns
    > within one set of ocular dominance columns
    > with associated blobs
  79. 79HOW IS INFORMATION PROCESSED IN V1? it doesn't passively flow from input lamina to output lamina rather there is?> lots to "top down" feedback
    > additioanl lateral connections within V1 to sharpen responses (horizontal processing by pyramidal cells in layer 2/3)

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YEAR 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROANATOMY AND VISUAL PERCEPTION Flashcards on FUND. VIS. PERCEPTION LECTURE 3 - PERCEPTION, created by ore Lawson on 14/08/2018.
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