states of matter

Description

• 3.1: states of matter • 3.2: atoms into ions
Farha Idrees
Flashcards by Farha Idrees, updated more than 1 year ago
Farha Idrees
Created by Farha Idrees over 5 years ago
2
0

Resource summary

Question Answer
What are the states of matter? 1. solid 2. liquid 3. gas
What is the particle theory? used to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases, based on the fact that all matter is made up tiny particles
describe a solid • fixed shape and volume • cannot be compressed • each particle is touching its nearest neighbour and remain in this fixed arrangement • they vibrate constantly
describe a liquid • fixed volume but can change their shape • close together, but can move around each other • constantly changing, random arrangement
describe a gas • no fixed shape or volume, compressed easily • mover around at high speeds in any direction • the hotter the gas is the faster they move • the pressure of the gas is caused by the particles colliding with the sides of the container
What are physical changes? they are reversible and no new substances are formed
What is: a) melting point b) boiling point? a) when a solid turns into a liquid- the hotter the solid is, the faster the particles vibrate and eventually the vibrations become so strong, they begin to break free b) when a liquid turns into a gas - the liquid becomes so hot that the particles begin to escape from the surface of the liquid
What is sublimation? when a solid is heated and changes directly into a gas
What happens during a substance's melting point? • the temp stops rising, only continues once the solid has completely melted • happens because the energy transferred from the surroundings is used to break up the particles • once all the solid has melted, the transferred energy from the surroundings causes the temperature of the liquid to rise as normal
What are the limitations of the particle theory? • its useful for modelling states of matter • however for atoms and ions the theory will not fit as the particles are: a) not solid spheres b) no forces between them
What is a compound? contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
What are special about the Noble Gases (Group 0)? they have a full outer shell which makes them stable and unreactive
How do other elements gain a stable arrangement? 1. covalent bonding; sharing electrons 2. ionic bonding; transferring electrons 3. metallic bonding
What is ionic bonding? when atoms either gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell, forming particles called ions
What happens to metals? lose electrons to become an ion: • sodium [2,8,1] loses one electrons • now has a stable arrangement [2.8] • has a single positive charge
What happens to non-metals? gain electrons to become an ion: • fluorine [2,7] gains one electron • now has a stable arrangement [2,8] • has a single negative charge
Show full summary Hide full summary

Similar

Ionic Bondic Flashcards.
anjumn10
Chemistry General Quiz - 2
lauren_johncock
Chemistry Quiz General -3
lauren_johncock
AS Chemistry - Enthalpy Changes
Sarah H-V
The Periodic Table
asramanathan
Acids, Bases and Salts
asramanathan
CHEMISTRY TEST
kingi kigongo
Chemical Symbols
Keera
Organic Chemistry
Ella Wolf
C1 Quiz
Leah Firmstone
Acids and Bases
Sarah Egan