Flashcards
Nutrition of the Critically Ill Patient
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Metabolismrefers to process of anabolism and catabolism
- 2During critical illness metabolic function is compromised:digestion, absorption, immunity, protection
- 3GI physiology and effect of crtical illnessrole of digestion
absorption of nutrients
GIT role is immunity and protection - 4GIT abnormal functiondigestion and absorption of nutrients are altered
gastric acid changes
impaired ability of small intestine to absorb nutrients
hypoperfusion and decreased oxygenation leading to GIT ischaemia - 5GIT hypoperfusion and consequencesdecreased blood flow to GIT
disruption of physical barrier to pathogens
disruption of chemical control of bacterial overgrowth
reduced immunological activities of gut associated lymphoid tissue - 6Factors affecting malnutritionpoor oral intake
stress
surgery
sepsis
prolonged bed rest
immobility - 7Malnutrition will lead toimpaired immune functino
cardiac function
ventilatory drive and weak resp muscles
prolonged vent dependence
increased infectiour morbidity and mortality - 8Defining malnutrition in adultscondition that develops when the body does not get right amount of vitamins, minerals, nutrients, to maintain health tissues and organ function
resulting in muscle wasting - 9Estimating nutritional requirementsinflunced by: age, gender, body size, activity levels, injury severity, temp, renal function, dialysis, wounds, drains
- 10Nutrition requirementsenergy - reduce catabolism, preserve lean body mass and provide essential vitamins and minerals
protein - promote positive nitrogen balance for wound healing and recovery
fluid - adequate hydration
vitamins - coenzymes and cofactors in multiple metabolic processes
micronutrients - prevent defiency syndrome - 11Comlication of overfeedingincreased metabolic rate
increased O2 consumptions and CO2 production
ventilator dependence
hyperglycaemia - sepsis/infections
fatty liver
immunosuppression
fluid overload
electrolyte imbalance - 12Forms of nutritional supportenteral, - tube, parental - iv, vitamin and mineral supplement, orak
- 13Enteral feedingnot sued when there is proximal fistula, GIT bleed, hypotension
- 14Monitoring enteral feedinggastric aspirates, abdominal distension, bowel activity , feed delivered, correct rate, prescribed volume
regular flushes, correct tape, patient positioning
diarrhoead need more than 3 times a day for duration of 3-6 days = cease
causes of diarrhoea, infection, sepsis, antibiotics, reduced GIT function - 15TPN management and indicationsdelivery of pts complete volume
administered via CVC or PICC
indications - intestinal fistula, prolonged ileus, short bowel syndrome
macronuteitns - aminoacids, glucose
trace elements, vitamin K weekly
monitor for pneumothorax, airembolism, throbosis, site infection, sepsis
hyper/hypo glycaemia
hynatreamia, hypercalcaemia - 16Contraindications for TPNfunctional and usually GIT
when aggressive nutrition is not desired - 17Enteral vs parental feedingenteral feeding cheap, less invasive, better substrate utilisation
maintains integrity of gut mucosa
less likely to overfeed - 18Hyperglycaemia and increased insulin resistancecharacteristics of stress response
also associated with poor wound healing
higher infection rates
higher death rates - 19—
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Nutrition of the Critically Ill Patient, created by Deleted user on 29/08/2018.
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- Created by Elizabeth Then · Aug 29, 2018
- Copied by Elizabeth Then · Aug 29, 2018
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