1513385
| Question | Answer |
| CARBONYL COMPOUNDS |
a functional group in which a carbon atom is attached to an oxygen atom by a double bond and the remaining two valencies of carbon atom are free is called carbonyl group
Image:
carbonylgroup2 (image/png)
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| carbonyl group has | 3 sigma and 2 pi bonds |
| ALDEHYDE | the carbonyl compound in which one of the free valencies of carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to hydrogen atom and the other by an alkyl/aryl group are called aldehydes. |
| KETONES | the carbonyl compound in which two alkyl/aryl group are directly attached to free valancies of carbonyl carbon are called as ketones |
| WHY ARE ALDEHYDE MORE REACTIVE THAN KETONE | 1] in aldehydes--h bonding is there and so less hindrance for the attack of nuclephile as compared to ketones which have 2 alkyl groups. 2] ketones have 2R groups which means more electrons are given --- +I EFFECT ---WHICH GETS LESS and so electrophilicityb decreases |
| aldehyde reactivity? | aliphatic aldehydes are more reactive than aromatic aldehyde. |
| nuckeophilic attak |
Image:
ald20.JPG (image/JPG)
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| principle organic constituent of vinegar | acetic acid |
| butyric cid is responsible for odour of | ancid butter |
| structure | The carbonyl carbon atom is sp -hybridised and forms three sigma (s) bonds. The fourth valence electron of carbon remains in its p-orbital and forms a p-bond with oxygen by overlap with p-orbital of an oxygen. In addition, the oxygen atom also has two non bonding electron pairs. Thus, the carbonyl carbon and the three atoms attached to it lie in the same plane and the p-electron cloud is above and below this plane. The bond angles are approximately 120° as expected of a trigonal coplanar structure The carbon-oxygen double bond is polarised due to higher electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. |
| + | |
| formaldehyde | |
| acetaldehyde |
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