1533680
| Question | Answer |
| Winter's formula | Calc's compensation in metabolic acidosis pCO2 = (1.5 x bic) +8 |
| Anion gap calculation | AG = (Na + K) minus (Cl + bic) Normal is 12 to 15 |
| Delta gap calculation | Calc's if mixed or pure acid/base disorder = Delta AG/delta bic = Calc AG minus 12/(24 minus bic) |
| Delta gap values Interpretation | >2: met acid AND met alk/preexisting resp acidosis 1 to 2 pure HAGMA 0.4 to 0.8 NAGMA + HAGMA <0.4 pure NAGMA (hyperchloraemic) |
| NAGMA and K | Most a/w hypokalaemia except hyperchloraemia, adrenal insufficiency, ARF |
| Low AG Causes | Lithium Hypoalbuminaemia |
| Respiratory acidosis Compensation | Bic: CO2 rise Acute 1:10 Chronic 4:10 |
| Respiratory alkalosis Compensation | Bic:CO2 fall Acute 2:10 Chronic 5:10 |
| Osmolar gap | (2xNa) + urea + glucose + EtOH Normal is 10 |
| High osmolar gap Causes | Alcohols Glucose Osmotic diuretics (mannitol, sorbitol) |
| Alveolar gas equation At sea level | PAO2 minus PaO2 where PAO2= (FiO2x713) minus (1.25xPaCO2) In room air, FiO2x713 = 150 |
| Alveolar gas equation Normal values for age | (Age/4) + 4 |
| K correction for pH | For every decrease pH 0.1, K increases 0.5 eg if pH 7.2, expect K to be 6 (reverse applies if pH increases) |
| Ca corrected for pH | For every pH decrease 0.1, Ca increase 0.05 |
| HAGMA Causes | MUDPILES (methanol, ureamia, DKA, paraldehyde/paracetamol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, EtOH, salicylates) |
| NAGMA Causes | USED CARP Renal/GI loss of bicarb OR gain acid (ureterosigmoidostomy, saline admin, endo, diarrhoea, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, ammonium, RTA, pancreatititis) |
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