Flashcards
Cloud Computing Midterm
Cards in this deck (48)
- 1VPCan on-demand configurable pool of shared computing resources allocated within a public cloud environment, providing a level of isolation between the different users using the resources.
- 2Elastica concept in cloud computing in which computing resources can be scaled up and down easily by the cloud service provider. Elastic computing is the ability of a cloud service provider to provision flexible computing power when and wherever required.
- 3Storage BucketsA bucket is a concept of an abstracted operating system folder which can be accessed either from within a VPC or across the internet. Buckets are infinite in size, can hold any type of data, and are also network and internet accessible
- 4RDSa distributed relational database service by AWS. It is a web service designed to simplify the setup, operation, and scaling of a relational database for use in applications. RDS allows you to set up manage, configure, backup failover, restore, upgrade, and scale your database by abstracting away the underlying operating system and hardware layer.
- 5IPv4Internet Protocol version 4 is a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks. IPv4 addresses are usually represented in dotted decimal notation expressing a 32-bit integer value.
- 6CIDRClassless Inter-Domain Routing is a way to allow more flexible allocation of IP addresses than was possible with the original system of IP address classes.
- 7Subnet Maska bitmask that hides the network part of a system's IP address and leaves only the host part as the machine identifier.
- 8Bastion Hosta special purpose computer on a network specifically designed and configured to withstand attacks. The computer generally hosts a single application, for example a proxy server, and all other services are removed or limited to reduce the threat to the computer.
- 9route53a scalable and highly available Domain Name System available through AWS
- 10Composableself-contained and stateless
- 11ProducerAny application that puts data into a stream
- 12Consumeran application that reads then processes the data from a stream
- 13Sharda stream is composed of one to many shards, each which provides a fixed unit of capacity
- 14Retention Period- the length of time that records are accessible from the point in time which they are added to the stream (can be between 1-7 days)
- 15ThreadA Thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system.
- 16Multithreadingthe ability of a CPU to execute multiple processes or threads concurrently, supported by the operating system.
- 17Deadlock PreventionPrevent one of these:
Mutual Exclusion
Hold-and-Wait
No Preemption
Circular wait - 18Reasons why we don't see wider adoption of multithreaded programmingLegacy Software that hasn’t been updated
Time constraints
Compatibility reasons
Multithreaded programming is HARD - 19Internet Gatewaya horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows communication between instances in your VPC and the internet.
- 20Security GroupAmazon’s implementation of advanced security.
A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls the traffic for one or more instances. - 21Hot FailoverA failover node that is ready to go at all times and can be cut over to at a moments notice if the primary node begins misbehaving.
- 22The 3 components of an EC2 instanceCompute Resource
Network Interface
EBS storage - 23The CloudA set of shared pools of configurable computer system resources and higher-level services that can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management effort.
- 24Hypervisorcomputer software, firmware or hardware that manage multiple virtual machines running on a set of hardware
- 25FailoverA failover cluster is a group of servers that work together to maintain high availability of applications and services.
- 26Cold FailoverUsed solely if the main server is lost, only turned on for initial setup and configuration, and then only used when the primary server fails.
- 27Warm FailoverTurned on occasionally and used / cut over to when the primary server needs to be patched.
- 28Compute Instancea virtual server instance from a public or private cloud network.
- 29Elastic Block Storage (EBS)storage that is used by your VM instance. As is implied with it’s elastic name, it can be grown or shrunk at will, as well as migrated from one instance to another.
- 30Mutual ExclusionMutual exclusion is when you allow exclusive access to a resource to a single thread or system
- 31Hold and Waita process is currently holding at least one resource and requesting additional resources which are being held by other processes
- 32No Preemptiona resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it.
- 33Circular WaitIn circular wait condition, each process must be waiting for a resource which is being held by another process, which in turn is waiting for the first process to release the resource.
- 34AWS Lambdaa serverless compute service that allows you to run your code in response to events and automatically manages the underlying compute resource for you
- 35Execution Rolethe permissions granted to the lambda
- 36InvocationA running instance of a lambda
- 37AWS Kinesisa serverless solution for ingesting data, storing it durably, and making it available for consumption
- 38Functional ProgrammingFunctional languages are good when you have a fixed set of things and as your code evolves, you primarily add new operations on existing things. This can be accomplished by adding new functions which compute with existing data types and the existing functions are left alone.
- 39OOPObject-oriented languages are good when you have a fixed set of operations on things and as your code evolves, you primarily add new things. This can be accomplished by adding new classes which implement existing methods and the existing classes are left alone.
- 40Functional Programming ParadigmTreats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.
Programming is done with expressions or declarations instead of statements. - 41Imperative Programming ParadigmUses statements that change a program's state.
Consists of commands for the computer to perform.
Focuses on describing how a program operates. - 42Route TableA route table (as it pertains to the cloud) contains a set of rules, called routes, that are used to determine where virtual network traffic is directed.
Each route in a table specifies a destination CIDR and a target - 43Public SubnetThe public subnet is accessible to the entire world as per the 0.0.0.0/0 in the associated route table and can also access everything in the VPC
- 44Private SubnetThe private subnet can access the entire VPC and can communicate with the rest of the internet via a NAT instance
- 45SSL Certificateprovide secure, encrypted communications between a website and an internet browser. typically installed on pages that require end-users to submit sensitive information
- 46Task-based Programmingmultithreaded programming model designed to allow code to be written that takes advantage of multiple processors, while avoiding much of the complexity of scheduling traditional multithreaded programming.
processing jobs are broken into discrete tasks, and then pushed onto processing queues.
worker instances look in the queue for work to do, then pop these tasks and execute them. - 47Moore's Lawthe observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years
- 48Race ConditionRace conditions arise in software when an application depends on the sequence or timing of processes or threads for it to operate properly.
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- Flashcards on Cloud Computing Midterm , created by M KB on 21/10/2018.
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