15690675
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Flashcards by Michelle Gaddis, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Intracellular fluid | the fluid within cells |
| Extracellular fluid | all the fluid outside the cells, |
| Intracellular dehydration | the loss of or deprivation of water from the body or tissues |
| Electrolytes | are substances that are capable of breaking into particles called ions. |
| Major cations (+) | sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen, and magnesium ions |
| Major anions (-) | chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate |
| Solvents | liquids that hold a substance in solution |
| Solutes | substances that are dissolved in a solution |
| Osmosis | water passes from an area of lower solute concentration and more water to an area of greater solute concentration and less water |
| Osmolarity | The concentration of particles in a solution, or its pulling power |
| Isotonic | When a solution has about the same concentration of particles, or osmolarity, as plasma |
| Hypertonic | When a solution has a greater osmolarity than plasma |
| Hypotonic | When a solution has less osmolarity than plasma |
| Diffusion | the tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent. The solute moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established |
| Active transport | process that requires energy for the movement of substances through a cell membrane, against the concentration gradient, from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| Capillary filtration | results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries. |
| Hydrostatic pressure | The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space |
| Colloid osmotic pressure | the force that pulls fluids back into the capillaries from the interstitial space |
| pH | The unit of measure used to describe acid–base balance |
| Acidosis | the condition characterized by an excess of H ions or loss of base ions (bicarbonate) in ECF in which the pH falls below 7.35. |
| Alkalosis | when there is a lack of H ions or a gain of base (bicarbonate) and the pH exceeds 7.45 |
| Buffer | a substance that prevents body fluids from becoming overly acidic or alkaline |
| Hypovolemia | caused by a loss of both water and solutes in the same proportion from the ECF space; isotonic fluid loss |
| Third spacing | a distributional shift of body fluids into the transcellular compartment, such as the pleural, peritoneal (ascites), or pericardial areas; joint cavities; the bowel; or an excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space. |
| Hypervolemia | excess of isotonic fluid in the extracellular fluid space |
| Edema | Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space |
| Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia | Excessive sodium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in sodium concentration in ECF |
| Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia | Excessive magnesium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in magnesium concentration in ECF |
| Hyperphosphatemia/Hypophosphatemia | Excessive phosphate concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in phosphate concentration in ECF |
| Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia | Excessive potassium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in potassium concentration in ECF |
| Hypercalcemia/Hypocalcemia | Excessive calcium concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in calcium concentration in ECF |
| Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia | Excessive chloride concentration in the ECF/ Deficit in chloride concentration in ECF |
| metabolic acidosis | deficit of bicarbonate concentration in ECF |
| Metabolic alkalosis | excess of HCO3 concentration in ECF |
| Respiratory acidosis | primary excess of carbonic acid in the ECF |
| Respiratory alkalosis | primary deficit of carbonic acid in the ECF |
| Arterial blood gases | laboratory tests commonly used to determine the adequacy of oxygenation and ventilation, |
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