15940405
Description
Flashcards by Chanelle Titchener, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chanelle Titchener
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Key Study: MILGRAM (1963) | - 40 participants (2 confeds) - Participant = teacher (fixed) - 15 volts (start), and increased after each incorrect answer up to a max. of 450 volts > Learner went silent at 300 volts - Series of 4 prods when the participants asked to stop - 65% went to 450 volts / 12.5% stopped at 300 volts |
| Situational Factors in Obedience | Proximity - Teacher and learner were seated in the same room = Obedience fell to 40% > Teacher saw the learner's anguish directly - Touch proximity = Obedience fell to 30% - Most participants defied the experimenter and only 12 continued to the maximum voltage |
| Situational Factors in Obedience | Location - The original study was conducted at Yale > Gave the participants confidence in the integrity of the people involved - Variation conducted in a run-down office > Obedience dropped to 48% |
| Situational Factors in Obedience | Uniform - Bushman (1988) used a female researcher in different clothes and stopped people in the street to give a man money for an expired parking meter. > Police uniform = 72% > Business-wear = 48% > Beggar = 52% |
| Evaluation | Ethical issues > Deception - participants could not give informed consent > Right to withdraw - Participants were free to leave at any time but the prods made participants feel obliged to carry on |
| Evaluation | External Validity - Alibi > Mandel (1998) challenged the obedience research as an explanation of real-life atrocities. > Poland (1942) - Reserve Police Battalion received orders for a mass killing of Jews. - Commanding officer gave an alternative, the majority carried out the killing without protest. |
| Evaluation | Historical Validity - the original experiment was carried out over 50 years ago - Blass (1999) carried out a statistical analysis of all of Milgram's obedience work conducted between 1961 and 1985 > Correlational analysis found no relationship - no increase or decrease |
| Evaluation | Influence of Gender > Underestimated the importance of individual differences in obedience. > Women were more susceptible to social influence than men - Eagly (1978) > Variation - female participants - self-reported tension was much higher but obedience was the same as in men |
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