Flashcards
Immunology Lecture 3
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1What are NK cells?Type of lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system
- 2What cytotoxic granules do NK cells contain?Perforin: Pore forming protein that punches holes in cell membranes
Granzymes: Proteases that enter through perforin pore and destroy cancer/virus -infected cells - 3NK cells express ligands that activate "death" receptors on target cells. These includeFasL
TRAIL - 4How do NK cells recognise tumour/virus-infected cells?They sence a lack of MHC I expression on abnormal cells and kill them
- 5How does the innate immune system recognise self from non-self?Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns. PAMPs include LPS, glycolipids and nucleotides
- 6What are Pattern Recognition Receptors?They recognise PAMPs.
They are expressed on the surface or intracellularly by innate immune cells.
PRR ligation by PAMP "activates" innate cells - 7What are Toll-Like Receptors? (TLRs)Major PRR gene family. Recognise conserved pattern motifs found on a variety of pathogens
- 8What happens during signalling by TLRs?Binding of pathogen to TLRs activates cell. Activation results in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The cytokines activate nearby immune cells and help increase antiviral immunity
- 9What are C-type lectin receptors? (CLRs)Can be soluble or membrane-intrinsic receptors: both detect carbs. They detect fungi of mycobacteria.
- 10What are NOD-like receptors (NLRs)?NLR stimuli include ATP, Asbestos, Uric acid crystals. This stimuli results in increased proinflammatory cytokines
- 11What are RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and Cytosolic DNA sensors?RLRs are cytosolic DNA sensors that detect ssRNA/dsRNA. Results in IFN, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines
Cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic DNA which results in increased IFNs - 12What are cytokines?Proteins secreted by cells that act as signalling molecules for the immune system. They bind to receptors on immune cells that help determine the nature of an immune response
- 13Cytokines can be:Pleiotropic, Redundant, synergistic, antagonist
- 14What is Pleiotropism?Cytokines can have different effects on immune cells. E.g., IL-10: suppress T cells but can enhance B cell activation
- 15What is redundancy?Some cytokines play redundant roles (a cytokine can have overlapping roles with another cytokine)
- 16What is Synergy?Two or more cytokines acting on an immune cell to enhance a response - response is greater than the sum of their individual effects
- 17What is Antagonism?One cytokine suppresses the activity of another cytokine
- 18What are Proinflammatory Cytokines?Include IL-1B, IL-6 and TNFa. Major cytokines involved in systematic inflammation. Primarily produced by activated macrophages but also by many other cells
- 19What is proinflammatory cytokines TNFacellular recruitment and granuloma formation. Acts on other macropages, T cells, B, cells, NK cells and neutrophils. Works in synergy with other cytokines such as IRN-y to increase macrophage activation
- 20What is proinflammatory cytokines IL-1B?Induces neutrophil chemotactic cytokine IL-8
Upregulates Colony Stimulating Factor receptors
Induces acute phase proteins - 21What is proinflammatory cytokines IL-6?Important B cell differentiation and proliferation
Similar responses to IL-1
IL-6 also plays a role in the activation of T cells to produce IFN-y - 22What is IL-12Crucial to activate IFN-y production
Directs T cells to a Th1 phenotype - 23What is IFN-y?Produced primarily by T cells and NK cells
Prime macrophage activating signal
Works in synergy with other cytokines such as TNFa - 24—
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- 26nián年
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- 29yào要
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- 32shēng生
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- Flashcards on Immunology Lecture 3, created by jaxon italiano on 12/11/2018.
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- jaxon italiano
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