16068443
Description
Flashcards by Chanelle Titchener, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Chanelle Titchener
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ijzendoorm and Kroonenberg (1988) | - Meta-analysis of 32 studies of attachment behaviour - Over 2000 studies from 8 countries - Inter-cultural differences (difference between cultures) - Intra-cultural differences (differences within the same culture) |
| Cultural Variations | - Inter-cultural: small differences, secure was the most common, insecure-avoidant was the next most common, except in Israel and Japan (collectivist) - Intra-cultural: differences within cultures were 1.5x greater than between cultures - Global norm = secure attachment |
| Cultural Similarities | Tronick et al (1992) studied an African tribe, the Efe, who lived in extended family groups - Infants were looked after and fed by different women but usually slept with their own mothers. - Despite these differences, at 6 months, the infants still showed 1 primary attachment |
| Cultural Differences | Grossman et al (1991) found higher levels of insecure attachment amongst German infants than in other cultures - German cultures involve interpersonal distance Takahashi (1990) studied 60 middle-class Japanese infants: found no evidence of insecure-avoidant attachment |
| Evaluation | Cross-cultural research > Psychologists measure behaviour using intelligence tests or observational methods > Imposed etic - method designed in one culture and imposed in another > eg: Strange Situation (US) |
| Evaluation | Culture bias > Rothbaum et al (2000) - not just the methods but the theory is also irrelevant to different cultures (western and eastern) > Children that are emotionally secure go on to develop into socially and emotionally competent adult |
| Evaluation | Nation rather than culture > Meta-analysis - comparing countries, not cultures > Each country has its own sub-cultures, each with different childcare practices - Cannot be generalised to urban and rural regions of each country |
| Evaluation | Indigenous theories of attachment > Rothbaum et al suggested that research from various cultures should be able to produce a set of indigenous theories - explanations for attachment for each culture |
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