Flashcards
Ch. 8 Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1Cell Cycleevent's of a typical cell's life
-includes cell division
-most is interphase - 2Interphase= 80-90% of cell's life
- 3Sub-PhasesG, -gap phase 1-cell growth and differentiation
- 4Growth-cell metabolism
- 5Differentiation-cell becoming specialized-longest phase
- 6S phase-synthesis-replication of DNA
- 7G2-more cell growth
-replicate organelle's
-then cell's enter mitosis - 8Go-during G, -non-dividing phase
- 9Chromosome-a strand of DNA that has a certain number of genes on it
- 10Gene-instruction to make a protein
- 11Diploid-two sets of chromosomes-2n=46
- 12Centromere-holds replicated strands of DNA together
- 13Sister-chromatids-replicated chromosomes still held together
- 14Karotype-picture of chromosomes
- 15Mitosis-cell division of body cells
-1-2n cell-->2-2n cells
2n=diploid
=46 for humans
n=23-haploid - 16Mitosis 1. Prophase-chromosomes condense
-nucleus starts to dissolve
-centrioles produce spindle fibers
-centrioles migrate to each pole
-spindle fibers attach to both sides of the centromere, one for each sister chromatid - 172. Metaphase-all chromosomes line up along the equator of cell called metaphase plate
-centromere divides, separating sister chromatids - 183. Anaphase-sister chromatids, which are now individual strands, get pulled toward opposite poles
-cell elongates in the middle - 194. Telophase-cell pinches in the middle
-2 new nuclei form
-chromosomes stretch out - 20Cytokinesis-Final cell division forming 2 new daughter cells
-identical to parent cell - 21Plant Mitosis-stages & events are the same
-plants start to form new wall during late Anaphase - 22Meiosis-production of reproductive cells
-only occurs in reproductive organs - 23Gamete- a reproductive cell
-n=haploid
-genetically different - 24Meiosis 1 1. Prophase 1-chromosomes condense
-nucleus dissolves
-spindle fiber forms
-homologus chromosomes link up in synapsis
-crossing over may occur as homologus pull apart in late prophase - 25Homologous chromosome-the same # chromosomes of a pair
-same size, same genes, not identical
-spindle fibers only attach to one side of centromere - 26Crossing Over-homologous chromosomes as they pull apart may switch parts of their chromosomes
-normal common event that increases genetic diversity - 27Anuploidy-incorrect amount of chromosomes formed from a crossing over event that did not occur correctly
-partial-additions or deleting
-complete chromosomes-trisomy or monosomy - 28Trisomyex. chromosomes
alot bigger, most severe-->13, 18, 21<--less severe - 292. Metaphase 1-chromosomes line up double line along metaphase plate
-chromosomes line up randomly called random assortment
-increases genetic diversity
23! - 303. Anaphase 1-cell stretches in the middle
-spindle fibers contract pulling replicated copies of chromosomes to the poles - 314. Telophase 1-cell pinches in the middle
-nuclei do not completely form - 32Cytokinesis 1-cell split
-Interphase does not occur! - 33Meiosis 2 1. Prophase 2-chromosomes re-condense
-spindle fibers form and attach to both sides of centromere
-centrioles vibrate to poles - 342. Metaphase 2-all chromosomes line up single file along metaphase plate
-centromeres divide, separating the sister chromatids - 353. Anaphase 2-cells stretch in the middle
-spindle fibers contract, pulling individual strands towards the poles - 364. Telophase 2-cells pinch in the middle
-nuclei form
-chromosomes relax - 37Cytokenesis 2-cells finally divide into genetically different haploid cells
- 38Spermatogenesis-sperm formation
-process starts at puberty
-produce millions per day
-process may never end with age
-for every 4 haploid cells produced, they become 4 sperm cells
-lose volume, gain flagella - 39Oogenesis-egg formation
-process starts during fetal development
-process freezes, then resumes during puberty
-process stops at meopause
-produce in low-thousands one reaches maturity per menstural cycle
-for every 4 haploid cells produced, one egg cell is produced
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- Flashcards on Ch. 8 Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells , created by minadubois17 on 10/11/2014.
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