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Description
Flashcards by Robin Decker, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Robin Decker
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ethics Definition | - Set of moral principles or values that guide the conduct of an individual or group - Helps determine right vs. wrong - How we conduct ourselves in our personal and professional endeavors |
| Ethics | - OT Personnel (including students) must abide by AOTA Code of Ethics |
| Ethics: Webster's Definition | The study of standards of conduct and moral judgment. |
| Where do Ethics come from? | - Grounded in morals, values, culture, religion - Shaping begins in childhood within family, socialization, culture, and religion - Social norms, authority figures in our lives |
| Bioethics | - The reflective examination of healthcare issues that pose conflicting decision - The application of ethics to medicine, nursing, and healthcare |
| Why such an issue for healthcare providers? | - May treat in life threatening situations; people can't speak/advocate for themselves - You're privy to confidential patient info - Bad decisions can be life threatening - Mistakes can be life threatening |
| Ethical Dilemmas - 3 Perspectives | 1. Personal - respect patient's right to refuse treatment or recommended procedure 2. Organizational - pressure by mngmt. to meet billing quotas 3. Societal - isolation of pt w/TB or Polio from their community/family **more recently people exposed to Ebola pt. |
| Personal | Morality: values, beliefs, rules, duties you see as relevant EX: your religion doesn't embrace concept of blood transfusion, abortion, or assisted suicide |
| Societal | Morality: Often a reflection of culture or society from which someone comes EX: physician assisted suicide a major discussion point in US but accepted in some European countries |
| Organizational | A healthcare worker is employed at a hospital that is affiliated w/religious organization that doesn't believe in "end of life" discussions |
| Subgroups | We are all members of subgroups within our society. All have unspoken moral values. - A subgroup you will join - profession of occupational therapy |
| Most Professions Have a Code of Ethics | - Provides framework of ethical actions we should follow/embrace - Guides ethical reasoning when making decisions re: an issue - Provides structure for ethical behavior |
| A Code of Ethics | - Provides core values to guide OT practitioners - Provides enforceable "principles & standards of conduct" - States to public - These are behaviors you can expect from OT practitioner |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #1 Beneficence | Beneficence: "Occupational therapy personnel shall demonstrate a concern for the well-being and safety of the recipients of their services" |
| #1 Beneficence Related Standards of Conduct | 1. provide appropriate evaluation & treatment to address needs of patient 2. Use EBR (evidence based research) 3. Provide services for which you are competent (Service Competency) 4. Discontinue therapy when indicated |
| #1 Beneficence Related Standards of Conduct continued... | 5. Provide appropriate intervention 6. Ensure duties delegated to person w/appropriate credentials 7. Provide services within scope of practice 8. Refer to others when appropriate |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #2 Nonmaleficence | Occupational therapy personnel shall refrain from actions that cause harm. Avoid doing hard under all circumstances. Often examined under context of due care. |
| #2 Nonmaleficence Related Standards of Conduct | 1. Avoid inflicting harm 2. Address impaired practitioners (under the influence) 3. Maintain clear professional boundaries 4. Avoid exploiting any relationship 5. Avoid bartering for services |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #3 Autonomy | Occupational therapy personnel shall respect the right of the individual to self-determination, privacy, confidentiality, and consent. |
| #3 Autonomy Related Standards of Conduct | 1. Ability of pt to make independent decisions 2. Allowing pt to self determine best course of treatment 3. Obtain consent from pt 4 Respect pt right to refuse 5. Ensure pt confidentiality |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #4 Justice (law) | Promote fairness and objectivity in the provision of occupational therapy services. |
| #4 Justice Relates Standards of Conduct | 1. Interact in respectful & impartial way towards all people 2. Maintain awareness of laws & policies that govern delivery of services 3. Bill & collect fees legally 4. Provide & secure appropriate supervision 5. Do not accept gifts |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #5 Veracity - "Truth-telling" | Provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession. |
| #5 Veracity Related Standards of Conduct | 1. Truthfulness, honesty 2. Respect towards others 3. Truthful communication at all times 4. Provide client w/accurate information 5. Represent yourself accurately (e.g. credentials, qualifications, education, experience) |
| #5 Veracity Related Standards of Conduct continued... | 6. Disclose any info that may pose a conflict of interest in your employment or treating of patients 7. Refrain from fraudulent, deceptive, false statements |
| #5 Veracity Related Standards of Conduct | 8. Report accurately/timely manner all info related to professional activities 9. Personnel shall provide accurate (truthful) info re: services 10. Don't falsify any documentation re: patient services |
| 6 Principles in Ethics: #6 Fidelity | Personnel shall treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity. |
| #6 Fidelity Related Standards of Conduct | 1. Faithfulness 2. Keeping promises 3. Accurately reflect work done by others (citations) 4. Report violations of the standards of practice and/or code of ethics 5. Respect private info about colleagues |
| #6 Fidelity Related Standards of Conduct continued... | 6. Avoid conflict of interest 7. Self identify when personal, cultural, or religious values preclude or may negatively affect the provision of services |
| Ethical Dilemma or Conflict | - When a choice must be made between equally compelling or appealing actions - There is no clear cut solution to the issue |
| Ethical Dilemma or Conflict | - A conflict between two or more compelling solutions or choices - Sometimes a blatant right from wrong - Usu. much more subtle as to correct action to take |
| How to make an ethical decision! | - Who is involved? Key people? - What are the facts? Objective/Relevant facts. - Consider: is it an ethical dilemma or misunderstanding? - State the dilemma in clear terms. |
| How to make an ethical decision! continued... | - Do you have all the information gathered? - What resources can help with decision? - Can you connect w/AOTA code of ethics? - Can you connect with Maryland practice act? - What is a reasonable outcome? |
| How to make an ethical decision! In Summary | - Some ethical dilemmas easy to resolve/straight forward - Others require research, speaking w/others, thoughtful analysis. - Each situation, person, health care facility brings a different set of issues to consider. |
| Professional Organizations | 1. Maryland State License Board 2. National Certification Board for OT 3. American Occupational Therapy Assoc. |
| Potential Actions of Discipline | 1. Reprimand: letter to licensee; not public 2. Censure: Public letter to licensee 3. Probation: length depend on violation; may be asked to do something specific 4. Suspension: for a period of time 5. Revocation/Expulsion: permanent loss of license |
| Legal Issue | US Legal System - 2 Parts 1. Criminal law 2. Civil law |
| Civil Law | Laws that protect rights of individual persons and encourage fair treatment among people. |
| Torts Negligence | Arises from a breach of duty of care owed by one person to another from the perspective of a reasonable person. |
| Two types of Torts | 1. Intentional Torts: willful act that violates another's rights (e.g. assault, battery, defamation of character) |
| Two Types of Torts | 2. Unintentional torts - not a willful act (negligence). Malpractice is an unintentional tort. |
| Examples of Unintentional Torts | 1. Negligence - conduct/care that falls below the "standard of care"; of greatest concern for anesthesiologists. 2. Malpractice - refers to professional misconduct or the consequence of unreasonable lack of skill. |
| 4 Elements of Malpractice | 1. Legal duty OT/OTA owes patient 2. Breach of duty by OT practitioner 3. Reasonable close causal connection between breach of duty & damages 4. Actual damages to the person owed the duty |
| Patient Safety | Primary factor on a daily basis in every decision made and technique performed! |
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