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Flashcards

Oscillations

Carolyn Mill Physics English 46 cards

Cards in this deck (46)

  1. 1Define natural resonant frequncymaximum amplitude of oscillation is reached
  2. 2what is the equation for angular frequency?2 * pi * f = 2 * pi / T
  3. 3what is the equation for max velocityvmax = w * xmax ( xmax = amplitude)
  4. 4what is the equation for max accelerationamax = w^2 * xmax
  5. 5when is the maximum acceleration of an oscillation reached?when v = 0 and x is at max amplitude
  6. 6What motion is ALWAYS sinusoidal?simple harmonic motion
  7. 7what is restoring forcethe force allowing an equilibrium in a physical system
  8. 8what is the equation for restoring force?F = -kx
  9. 9In sinusoidal oscillations, what two parameters are proportional to eachotherrestoring force and displacement
  10. 10what is the phase constantthe shift in time of the maximal displacement wrt time t=0
  11. 11how is the phase constant found?2 * pi * (change in position needed to reach correct position / period)
  12. 12what is the exchange in energy in a mass - on - spring system?kinetic energy of mass to elastic potential energy of spring
  13. 13what is the exchange of energy in a pendulum?exchange between rotational kinetic energy of a system and gravitational potential energy
  14. 14what is the exchange in energy of an electrical oscillator or cavity laser system?magentic energy stored in system and electrical energy stored in system
  15. 15state hooke's lawF = -kx for a spring force
  16. 16What is the general solution for x and the angular frequency if F = -kx =max = x(m)cos(wt + phase constant)
    w = (k/m)^1/2
  17. 17state the equation of motion for an undamped simple harmonic motiona = -w^2x(t) or
    x(t) = Acos(wt) + Bsin(wt)
  18. 18state the equations for elastic potential mechanical energy and kinetic mechanical energyU = 1/2kx^2
    K = 1/2 mv^2
  19. 19where on a mass on spring oscillation system is potential energy at 0, and where is the kinetic at maximumEp = 0 at centre of oscillation, Kmax at ampliude of oscillation
  20. 20State the full equation for mechanical energyEmech = 1/2kx(t)^2 + 1/2mv(t)^2
  21. 21When is the potential in SHM quadratic?for small displacements/within the bowl of Lennard Jones potential
  22. 22what is the resonant frequency of a physical pendulumw = (mgh/I)^1/2
  23. 23What is the resonant frequency of a point mass pendulumw = (g/L)^1/2
  24. 24w = (Beta/Alpha)^1/2 is valid whenwhen energy is written as a sum of potential and kinetic energy
  25. 25What is the equation for tension in a pendulum string?T = mgcos(theta)
  26. 26What is the force acting on a pendulum?F = -mgsin(theta)
  27. 27what is the torque of a physical pendulum?T = -hmgsin(theta) = I*angular acceleration
  28. 28what is the angular acceleration of a physical pendulum?= -mgh/I * theta
  29. 29what is the moment of inertia centre around?the centre of mass
  30. 30What are the properties of a physical penduluma physical pendulum with I = mL^2 and distance h to COM = L
  31. 31define underdampingsinusoidal oscillations decay exponentially as system slowly loses energy
  32. 32define critical dampingno oscillation, system return to equilibrium as fast as possible
  33. 33define over dampingno oscillations and the system returns to equilibrium slowly
  34. 34state the equation for damping forceF = -bv
  35. 35what is the equation for displacement in the case of dampingx(t) = A1exp(r1t) + A2e(r2t)
  36. 36what is the equation for the damping coefficientgamma = b/2m
  37. 37what is the equation for damping frequencyw1 = (w0 + (b/2m)^2)^1/2
  38. 38what is the gamma coefficient compared to the angular frequency in the case of critical damping(b/2m)^2 = w^2
  39. 39what is the gamma coefficient compared to the angular frequency in the case of overdamping(b/2m)^2 > w^2
  40. 40what is the gamma coefficient compared to the angular frequency in the case of underdamping(b/2m)^2 < w^2
  41. 41what s the equation for loss of energy?E = E(0) *exp(-t / t0)
    E = E(0)*exp(-w1/Q)
  42. 42what is the quality factor of an oscillationa measure of the amount of damping in a system (higher Q, weaker damping, more energy stored)
  43. 43what is the equation for quality factorQ = 2 * pi * energy stored/ energy lost in one cycle
    Q = m/b * wo = t*wo
  44. 44what is a forced oscillatoroscillator subjected to a periodic external force
  45. 45define a normal modea normal mode is a motion where all parts of the system are moving sinusoidally with the same frequency and in phase
  46. 46For N coupled harmonic oscillators, how many normal modes, normal coordinates, and degrees of freedom are there?N normal modes, 2N normal coordinates, 2N degrees of freedom

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Physics Flashcards on Oscillations, created by Carolyn Mill on 11/12/2018.
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Carolyn Mill
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