1631840
Description
Flashcards by mathilde_ndoye, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mathilde_ndoye
almost 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| WHAT DOES THE CELL MEMBRANE DO ? | CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL |
| CYPTOPLASM | CHEMICAL REACTIONS TAKE PLACE HERE |
| NUCLEUS | DONT CALL IT THIS BUT THE BRAIN CONTROLS THE CELL |
| MITOCHONDRIA | RESPIRATION |
| CELL WALL | MADE OF CELLULOSE KEEPS THE CELLS SHAPE ( BIT LIKE TUMMY TUCK ) |
| LARGE VACUOLE | CONTAINS CELL SAP AND KEEPS CELL RIGID |
| CHLOROPLASTS | ABSORB LIGHT |
| WHAT ABOUT CELLS AND SEEING … | LIGHT MICROSCOPES ARE USED TO SEE CELLS IN DEPTH |
| BACTERIAL CELL HAS WHAT ? | CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE CHROMOSOMAL DNA PLASMID DNA FLAGELLUM |
| FLAGELLUM | TAIL TO ALLOW BACTERIAL CELL TO MOVE |
| WHAT IS A GENE | A SECTION OF DNA THAT CODES FOR A SPECIFIC PROTEIN |
| DNA ARE TWO STRANDS OF MOLECULE CALLED | DOUBLE HELIX |
| WHAT ARE THE STRANDS LINKED BY | COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRS |
| COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRS ARE JOINED BY WHAT | WEAK HYDROGEN BONDS |
| LIST THE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRS | ADENINE & THYMINE CYTOSINE & GUAMINE |
| WHO DISCOVERED DNA FIRST ? | WILKINS AND FRAKLIN |
| HOW DID WILKINS AND FRANKLIN DICOVER DNA | USED XRAYS AND SHONE THEM AT PURIFIED DNA |
| HOW DID THEY RECORD THERE RESULTS | PHOTOGRAPHED THE DNA |
| WHO DEVELOPED THE DNA DISCOVERY | WATSON AND CRICK |
| WHAT DID THEY USE | THE PHOTOS WITHOUT PERMISSION AND GOT THE |
| WHAT DID THE TWO PAIRS DISCOVER | THEY DEVELOPED THE DOUBLE HELIX MODEL |
| WHAT IS THE HGP | HUMAN GENOME PROJECT |
| WHAT DID IT WORK OUT | THE ORDER OF THE BASES IN HUMAN CELLS A's T's G's C's |
| WHO WORKED ON IT AND HOW LONG DID IT TAKE | 1000'S OF SCIENTISTS WORKED ON IT FOR 13 YEARS IN 18 COUNTRIES |
| WHAT DOES THIS MEAN / WHAT HAS IT HELPED | TEST FOR GENETIC DISORDERS STUDY EVOLUTION PERSONALISE MEDICINES DEVELOP NEW TREATMENTS |
| WHAT DOES GENETIC ENGINEERING DO ? | CREATE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS |
| WHAT DOES GENETIC ENGINEERING CREATE ---- GM | GENETICALLY MODIFIED CELLS |
| A GENE IS __________________________________ | CUT OF THE DNA |
| HOW IS IT CUT ? | USING CUTTING ENZYMES |
| WHAT HAPPENS NEXT | THE CUTTING ENZYMES THEN CUT OPEN A DNA PLASMID |
| THE GENE IS NOW PUT INTO THE PLASMID USING __________ | STICKY ENZMES |
| THE PLASMID IS NOW PUT INTO AN _______O | ORGANISM |
| WHAT HAS HAPPENED | THE GENE HAS BEEN GENETICALLY MODIFIED |
| WHAT IS A CLONE ? | AN ORGANISM THAT IS GENETICALLY TO THE PARENT CELL ORGANISM |
| LIST THE ADVANTAGES OF CLONING | + GENETICALLY IDENTICAL CHARACTERISTICS + CLONE ANIMALS THAT HAVE BEEN GENETICALLY ENGINEERED |
| LIST THE DISSADVANTAGES OF CLONING | - THE PROCESS IS VERY DIFFICULT AS YOU CANNOT JUST CLONE A ARM OR LEG -EXPENSIVE -VERY FEW EMBROYS DEVELOP SUCSESSFULY continue |
| MORE DISSADVANTAGES | =MANY ATTEMPTS FOR IT TO WORK - POSIBBLE HELATH RICKS CAN OCCUR TO CLONED ANIMAL |
| STATE HOW TO CLONE !!!!! | =THE DIPLOID NUCLUS IS TRANSFERED INTO THE ENUCLEATED EGG = THE CELL IS THEN STIMULATED BY AND ELECTRIC PULSE TO START MIOTIC DIVISION .... CONTUINE |
| CLONING CONTIFUED | -THE EMBRYO THEN BEGINS TO GROW -THE EMBRYO IS IMPLANED INTO THE UTERUS OF THE SURROGATE MOTHER HERE IT DEVELOPS !!! |
| WHAT CAN A STEM CELL DO WHEN IT DIVIDES | - PRODUCE MORE STEM CELLS - PRODUCE DIFFERECNIATED STEM CELL |
| WHAT IS WRONG WRONG WITH PRODUCING DIFFERENCIATEC STEM CELLS | ONCE DIFFERENCIATED CANNOT TURN INTO DIFFERENT TYPE OF CELL |
| EMBRYONICE STEM CELLS CAN /...... | DEVELOP INTO EVERY TYPE OF HUMAN CELL |
| LIST THE ADVANTAGES OF STEM CELLS | + INJECTEING STEM CELLS CAN TREAT DISEASES ie - LUKEMIA + EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS CANNOT BE REJECTED + CELLS CAN BECOME ANY OTHER TYPE OF CELL MEANING BEING ABLE TO TREAT MORE DISEASES |
| LIST THE DISSADVANTAGES OF USING STEM CELLS | - ADULT STEM CELLS CAN BE REJECTED = COULD BE USED ILLEGALY TO MAKE HUMAN CLONES -CLONED CELLS COULD TURN INTO CANCER CELLS |
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