Flashcards
Chemistry -C1
Cards in this deck (53)
- 1Give three fossil fuels that are non-renewableCrude oil, coal and gas
- 2What does fractional distillation do?separates crude oil into fractions with different boiling points
- 3give the order of fractions from lowest boiling point to highestLPG
petrol
diesel
paraffin
heating oil
fuel oil
bitumen - 4What do larger fractions have?Larger boiling points because they have stronger intermolecular bonds between molecules
- 5What does cracking do?converts long hydrocarbons into shorter more efficient hydrocarbons or alkenes/ alkanes
- 6What are the factors to consider when choosing an fuel?Energy value, availability, storage, cost, pollution and ease of use
- 7What happens when fuels are burnt?Release heat energy
- 8What does complete combustion form?carbon dioxide and water
- 9Does complete combustion release more energy that incomplete combustion?yes
- 10What does incomplete combustion form?Carbon monoxide, soot and water
- 11What does the earths atmosphere consist of ?78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon and 0.035% noble gases
- 12Give 3 common pollutantsCarbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
- 13When are catalytic converters used?in car exhausts to remove carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases
- 14Give the equation for a catalytic converter2CO+2NO -> Nsquare + 2COsquare
- 15What are hydrocarbons made of?Hydrogen and carbons
- 16What are alkenes and alkanes?separate families of hydrocarbons
- 17Why are alkanes saturated?They only have single covalent bonds between the carbons
- 18Why are alkenes unsaturated?They contain atleast one double covalent bond in the molecule
- 19What is a double bond made of?2 pairs of electrons
- 20What do alkenes react with and what is this called?orange bromine water to form a colourless dibromocompound and this is addition reaction
- 21What do small alkene molecules do?react to form long polymer chains
- 22What are carbon atoms in polymers chains linked by ?Strong covalent bonds
- 23What are polymers chains either linked byWeak intermolecular bonds or strong covalent bonds
- 24GoretexWaterproof but breathable fabrics
- 25What is goretex made ofA laminate of nylon and PTFE layers
- 26When do chemical changes occurwhen a new substance is made and the process is irreversible therefore cooking is a chemical change
- 27What can protein molecules do when heated and what is this calledThey change shape and this is called denaturing
- 28What are food addictivesfood colours, flavour enhancers, antioxidants and emulsifiers
- 29What do emulsifiers haveA hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head
- 30What does baking powder contain and do and what is this calledthey contain sodium hydrogencarbonate which decomposes on heating to form carbon dioxide and this is called thermal decomposition
- 31What can esters be used forperfumes that can be made synthetically from alcohols and organic acids
- 32What can esters often be used assolvents
- 33Example of a solventNail varnish remover
- 34What do paints containA pigment, a binder and a solvent
- 35What is paintA colloid
- 36What do thermochromic paints do when heatedChange colour
- 37What can phosphorescent pigments doglow in the dark
- 38What is the general formula of alkanesCnH2n+2
- 39What is crude oil formed fromThe remains of marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago
- 40What happens when animals dieThey sink to the bottom of rivers
- 41What do the remains of these animals get covered in and what does this prevent them from doingThey get covered in sand and mud in the sea and this prevents them from rotting
- 42What happens per millions f years to the dead animalsThe layers build up which increases the heat and pressure
- 43What then happens to the remainsThey are broken down and they create molecules that are used in crude oil and natural gas
- 44What do we call these and what do we use them forThese are called fossil fuels and we use them in medicine petrol heating plastics ect
- 45FiniteA resource that is no longer being made or is being made very slowly
- 46Non renewableA resource that is being used up faster than it is being made
- 47ImpermabkeSomething you can't get through
- 48Consequences of burning fossil fuels-acidic gases ( sulphur dioxides) and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere
-gases are carried by the wind
-gases dissolve in rain water to form acid rain
-acid rain kills plant life polluted rivers and streams and erodes stonework - 49What does coal produce when burntSulphur dioxide because it has sulphur in it
- 50What is the biting of fossil fuel word equation and symbolHydrocarbon fuel + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water
CH4 +202- CO2 + 2H2O - 51How to balance equations-count number of carbons in the left of the hydrocarbon
- 52Balancing equations- count the number of carbon ark a on the hydrocarbon on the left
- White this infront of CO2 on the right
-count number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon on the left
-divide it by 2 and write this infront if H2O on the right
- count number of oxygen atoms on the right and divide it by two and write it in front of O2 on the left - 53Write the equation for the decomposition of baking powder in a cakeSodium hydrogen carbonate - sodium carbonate+ carbon dioxide+ water
--2NaHCO3-- Na2CO3+ CO2+H2O
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- Flashcards on Chemistry -C1, created by Emer Neave on 17/11/2014.
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- Emer Neave
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