GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Lab Procedures 2 Lecture Test #1

Aaron Barnes English 149 cards

Cards in this deck (149)

  1. 1Trematode (Flatworms or Fluke) - Morphology of the AdultNot microscopic, usually about 1 to 1 and a half inches, possesses both male and female organs
  2. 2Trematode - Morphology of the EggLarge oval egg with an operculum
  3. 3Trematode - General lifecycle- Ova are deposited in an aquatic environment
    - Operculum opens and hatches the larval stage call Miracidium
    -Miracidium enters the soft part of a snail
    - Asexually reproduce for several generations
    - Leave the snail and enters a new life stage called Cercaria
    - Cercaria attaches to a fish, water plant or crustacean where it becomes a metacercaria cyst
    - DH ingests the IH
    - Cyst goes through the digestive system, enters the circulation and travels to a target organ, matures, becomes an adult, and releases ova
  4. 4Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke) HostRuminants, cattle, sheep, goats, deer, horses and people
  5. 5Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke) Target OrganLiver
  6. 6Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke) Clinical Signs- Severe anemia (Decrease RBC)
    -Weight loss
    -Poor coat condition
    - Jaundice
  7. 7Fasciola hepatica (Liver Fluke) Prevention and Control- Avoid the herd from entering marshy areas
    - Molluskicides (Geese) eat snails
    - Herd health checks
  8. 8Herd Health Checks- Proper nutrition
    - Vaccinations
    - Hoof care
    - Physical exams
    - Regular deworming
    - Sound husbandry techniques
  9. 9Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) Morphology of the Adult- Leaf Shaped
    - One and a half inches
  10. 10Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) Morphology of the OvaLarge ova with an operculum
  11. 11Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) HostMink, Dogs, Cats
  12. 12Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) LifecycleTarget is the lungs
  13. 13Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) Clinical Signs- Dyspnea (Difficulty breathing)
    - Exercise-induced coughing
    - Lethargy
    - NOTE: This fluke likes to wander and sometimes ends up in the brain, spinal cord, kidney
  14. 14Paragonimus spp. (Lung Fluke) Prevention and Control- Avoid marshy areas
    - Provide fresh, clean water
    - Molluscicides (Geese)
  15. 15Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bile duct Fluke) Morphology of the Adult-NOT leaf shaped
    - Very narrow
  16. 16Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bild duct Fluke) Morphology of the OvaLarge ova with an operculum
  17. 17Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bild duct Fluke) HostSheep, Cattle
  18. 18Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bild duct Fluke) LifecycleThis fluke does not need to be near water to complete its cycle
    - Ova are passed onto the ground
    - Land snail ingests the ova
    - Cercaria inside the snail will hatch in the intestines
    - Cercaria leaves the snail via feces
    - Ant then eats the cercaria
    - Metacercaria cyst forms inside the ant
    - DH eats the ant
    - Cyst goes through the digestive system, into the circulation, to the liver, to the bile duct
  19. 19Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bild duct Fluke) Clinical signs- Anemia (Decrease RBC)
    - Weight loss
    - Lethargy
    - Jaundice
  20. 20Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Lancet Fluke or Bild duct Fluke) Prevention and Control- Insecticides to destroy the ants
    - Molluskicides (Geese)
    - Regular herd health checks
  21. 21CestodesTapeworm
  22. 22Multiceps sp HostDH: Dogs, any carnivore, even humans
    IH: Ruminants, sheep
  23. 23Multiceps sp Morphology of the Adult- Flat
    - Segmented
  24. 24Multiceps sp. Morphology of the OvaLooks like Taenia
  25. 25Multiceps sp. Lifecycle- Ova deposited in feces via segments
    - Sheep grazing, ingest the eggs
    - Go through the digestive system and hatch into embryos
    - Embryos enter circulation
    - Those that reach the brain and spinal cord, further develop into cysts
    - Stay for about 7-8 months
    - Each cyst is about 5 cm
    - The condition term given to the IH that has these cyst is called Coenurus cerebralis
    - DH will ingest the cyst when it eats the nervous tissue of the IH
    - Becomes and adult in the intestines
  26. 26Multiceps sp. Clinical Signs in IH- Coenurus cerebralis (staggers)
    - Ataxia (Loss of body control)
    - Head is down
    - Bump into things
    - Teeth grinding
    - May have seizures
  27. 27Multiceps sp. Clinical signs in DH- Weight loss
    - Increase appetite
    - Segments in feces
  28. 28Multiceps sp. Prevention and Control- Herd health checks
    - Rotational grazing
    - Allow different species to graze
    - Routine FECs (Fecal Egg Count)
    - Firm deworming schedule
  29. 29Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) HostCattle, sheep, and goats
  30. 30Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) Morphology of the adultFlat and segmented
  31. 31Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) Morphology of the ovaSquare or triangle shaped, and has hooklets in the centre
  32. 32Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) Lifecycle- Ova leave the hose in segments
    - Ova are ingested by body mites
    - Cyst develops in the mites tissue
    - DH east the mite along with the cyst
    - Goes to the digestive tract, becomes an adult, and lays ova in segments
  33. 33Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) Clinical signs- Weight loss
    - Increase appetite
    - Off feed (Not eating well)
  34. 34Moniezia expansa (Large animal tapeworm) Prevention and Control- Herd health checks
    - Include anti-cestode in deworming
    - Isolate new stock
    - Fecal egg counts, per gram of manure
    - Rotate grazing
  35. 35Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) HostHorse, donkey, or mule
  36. 36Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) Morphology of the adultVery small, flat and segmented
  37. 37Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) Morphology or the OvaSquare egg, striations and hooklets
  38. 38Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) Lifecycle- Ova are passed in segments
    -Ova are ingested by body mites
    - Cyst develops in the mites tissue
    - Horse ingests the mite along with the cyst
    - Goes through digestive tract and forms in an adult tapeworm
    - Matures and releases ova into feces
  39. 39Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) Clinical Signs- With heavy infestation, colic may occur because of lacerations made by the teeth of the tapeworm
    - Weight loss with increased appetite
  40. 40Anaplocephala sp. (Equine tapeworm) Prevention and Control- Herd health checks
    - Anti-cestode deworming
    - Mucking stalls daily
    -Fecal egg counts, per gram of manure
    - Isolate new stock
  41. 41Manual cell count - Hemocytometer- Used for WBC, RBC, exotic cell counts, equine platelet counts
    - Special glass slide contains a grid and a formula
    - Do not over or underfill the chamber, don't break the coverslip and wait the 10-15 min period
    - Automated hemocytometer is Laser cyte, Procyte.
  42. 42Colic- Irritation on the stomach, and often fluctuation pain in the abdomen caused by gas or an obstruction.
    - Can be a life threating situation due to bloat (Stomach twisting)
    - Signs include rolling or pawing
    - Treatment would be surgery or using an NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory) (Ex: Banamine)
  43. 43NematodeRoundworm
  44. 44Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) Morphology of the AdultCylindrical, white
  45. 45Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) Morphology of the Ova- Ascarid egg (Dark centre, bumpy outer shell)
  46. 46Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) Lifecycle- The ova are ingested by the DH
    - Goes through the intestine, where they hatch into L1, L2, then L3 enters the circulation
    - Goes through trachea migration
  47. 47Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) Clinical signs- May see adults passed in feces with a heavy burden
    - Potbellied appearance
    - Coughing or dyspnea with a heavy burden
    - Might be jaundice if heavy burden in the liver
  48. 48Ascaris suum (Pig roundworm) Prevention and Control- Herd health checks
    - Strict hygiene techniques
    - Avoid feeding off the floor
  49. 49Parascaris equorum (Horse roundworm) HostHorses
  50. 50Parascaris equorum (Horse tapeworm) Morphology of the AdultCylindrical, white
  51. 51Parascaris equorum (Horse tapeworm) Morphology of the OvaAscarid egg (Dark centre, bumpy outer shell)
  52. 52Parascaris equorum (Horse tapeworm) Lifecycle- Trachea migration
    - Same as Ascaris suum
  53. 53Parascaris equorum (Horse tapeworm) Clinical signs- With heavy burden, adults will be passed
    - Poor coat condition
    - Potbellied appearance
    - Potential loose stool
    - Ascarid impaction may occur in foals with a heavy burden
    - During larval migration, damage to the liver and lungs can occur. Lungs can be scarred permanently. Can also affect the performance of an adult horse
  54. 54Parascaris equorum (Horse tapeworm) Prevention and Control- Routine deworming
    - Rotate pasture
    - Do not mix stock
    - Roundworm eggs are very hearty
  55. 55Ascaris lumbricoides (Human roundworm) HostHumans (Mostly children)
  56. 56Ascaris lumbricoides (Human roundworm) Morphology of the adultCylindrical, white, Spaghetti like
  57. 57Ascaris lumbricoides (Human tapeworm) Morphology of the OvaAscarid egg (Dark centre, bumpy outer shell)
  58. 58Ascaris lumbricoides (Human tapeworm) Lifecycle- Trachea migration
    - More common in 3rd world countries where feces may be in the water supply
  59. 59Ascaris lumbricoides (Human tapeworm) Clinical signs-
  60. 60Ascaris lumbricoides (Human tapeworm) Prevention and Control- Address sanitation
  61. 61Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) HostCattle, Ruminants
  62. 62Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Morphology of the adultCylindrical, white, Spaghetti like
  63. 63Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Morphology of the OvaAscarid egg (Dark centre, bumpy outer shell)
  64. 64Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Lifecycle A- Trachea migration
  65. 65Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Lifecycle B- Somatic migration
  66. 66Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Lifecycle C- Prenatal infection
  67. 67Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Lifecycle D- Transmammary
  68. 68Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Clinical signs- Coughing or dyspnea with heavy burden
    - Poor coat condition
    - Poor doers (Sluggish)
    - Scours
  69. 69Neoascaris sp. (Ruminant roundworm) Prevention and Control- Herd health programs
    - Routine de-worming
    - Disinfect stalls
  70. 70Strongyles sp. (Equine bloodworm) HostAny equine at any age
  71. 71Strongyles sp. (Equine bloodworm) Morphology of the adultCylindrical, white, more thread like
  72. 72Strongyles sp. (Equine bloodworm) Morphology of the OvaMorulated egg
  73. 73Strongyles sp. (Equine bloodworm) Lifecycle- L3 ingested by a grazing horse
    - Goes through the digestive system, to the intestine and migrates to the veins and arteries of the intestine
    - Stay for about 6 weeks, becomes L4's, re-enter the intestines
    - Become L5, mate and produce eggs in the feces
  74. 74Stronglyes sp. (Equine bloodworm) Clinical signs- Adults in the intestine will cause ulcerations in the mucosa of the gut
    - Larva migrate through the mesentery and cause colic
    - Loose stool
    - Weight loss
  75. 75Stronglyes sp (Equine bloodworm) Prevention and control- Must use a dewormer that will kill the cyst stage. (Moxidectin)
    - Rotational grazing
    - Eggs can survive over a year
    - Herd health husbandry (Clean stalls, nutrition, hoof care, vaccinations)
    - Rotational deworming
  76. 76GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) HostSheep, cattle, goats, pigs, all livestock except horses
  77. 77GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Morphology of the adultThread like, cylindrical, white
  78. 78GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Morphology of the OvaMorulated egg
  79. 79GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Lifecycle A Oesophagostomum (Nodule worm)- Nodules form in the intestinal lining and this leads to malabsorption of nutrients
    - Weight loss with loose stool
  80. 80GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Lifecycle B Hyostrongylus (Stomach worm)- Adults live in the stomach
    - Gut problems
  81. 81GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Lifecycle C Haemonchus sp. (Barber pole worm)- Female worm is reddish in colour and the ovaries are white in colour
    - Mostly ruminants, especially in the abomasum
    - Weight loss
    - Gastritis (Inflammation of the stomach)
  82. 82GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Lifecycle D Nematodiurus- Mostly sheep or cattle
    - Causes damage to the intestine
    - Weight loss
    - Loose stool
  83. 83GIN's (Gastro Intestinal Nematodes) Prevention and Control- Herd health program
    - Isolate new stock
    - Rotational grazing
    - Don't feed on the ground
    - Husbandry techniques
    - Deworming schedules
  84. 84Strongyloides sp. (Intestinal threadworm) HostPrimarily horses.
    Ruminants, pigs, dogs, cats and people
  85. 85Strongyloides sp. (Intestinal threadworm) Morphology of the Adult- Thread-like, cylindrical, white
  86. 86Strongyloids sp. (Intestinal threadworm) Morphology of the Ova- Larvated egg. Must have fresh feces as the eggs hatch quickly once exposed
  87. 87Strongyloides sp. (Intestinal threadworm) Lifecycle- Ova leave the feces, hatch into L1, L2 and L3
    - Two different things can happen with L3:
    - L3 can be ingested, go to the digestive tract, become L4 and L5, mate and produce eggs
    OR
    - L3 can penetrate the skin, undergo trachea migration, eventually mature in the intestine, mate and produces eggs in the feces.
    NOTE: If L3 cannot find a host, they can develop into free-living adults on the ground
  88. 88Strongyloides sp (Intestinal threadworm) Clinical signs- Loose stool
    - Weight loss
    - Poor coat condition
    - possible infection at penetration sites
    - Possible anemia (Decreased RBC)
  89. 89Strongyloides sp. (Intestinal threadworm) Prevention and Control- Rotate pasture
    - Isolate new stock
    - Herd health programs
    - Much the stalls daily
  90. 90Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Host- Equines
  91. 91Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Morphology of the Adult- Less than an inch
    - Wider top and tapered bottom
    - Cylindrical and white
  92. 92Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Morphology of the Ova- Morulated 99% of the time
    - If egg develops, it may become larvated
    - You can see eggs with the naked eye. Looks like sawdust
  93. 93Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Lifecycle- Direct lifecycle
    - Ova leave the feces, are ingested by the horse
    - Go through the digestive system
    - Become adults and produce eggs
    - Eggs produced by this worm have a sticky coating that causes the egg to stick to the anus or tail
    - Female worms may leave the anus, come out to lay eggs, then go back in
    - To retrieve eggs, the best method is the tape method
    - Take transparent tape, aggressively stick to the anus or tail, place on a slide, label and look under 10x for morulated eggs
  94. 94Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Clinical signs- Itchy bum
    - Rub hair off the tail, or will be broken brittle hairs around the base of the tail
    - This can lead to secondary infections
    - Licking of the stall area, and ingest eggs
    - Might have weight loss
  95. 95Oxyuris sp. (Equine pinworm) Prevention and Control- Disinfection of the walls of the stall
    - Have a maintenance chart for cleaning
    - Hear health programs
    - Rotational deworming
    - Muck the stalls
  96. 96Passalurus sp. (Rodent pinworm) HostAny rodent (Mice, rats, rabbits)
  97. 97Passalurus sp. (Rodent pinworm) Morphology of the Adult- Has a wide top and narrow bottom
    - Small, cylindrical and white
  98. 98Passalurus sp. (Rodent pinworm) Morphology of the OvaMorulated like egg (Looks different with tape)
  99. 99Passalurus sp. (Rodent pinworm) Lifecycle- Direct lifecycle
    - Sticky, gelatinous eggs
    - Pinworm eggs from rodents will eventually dry up and fall off back into the bedding or become airborne and collect with dust.
    - Dry eggs are still viable
    - Detection is made through a fecal tape test
    - Max a minimum of 2 tests
    - Lightly place the tape longways
  100. 100Passalurus sp. (Rodent pinworm) Prevention and Control- Disinfection of the walls of the stall
    - Have a maintenance chart for cleaning
    - Hear health programs
    - Rotational deworming
    - Muck the stalls
  101. 101Enterobius (Human pinworm) HostHumans
  102. 102Enterobius (Human pinworm) Morphology of the Adult- Has a wide top and narrow bottom and is very small, cylindrical, creamy white
  103. 103Enterobius sp. (Human pinworm) Morphology of the Ova- Morulated like egg
  104. 104Enterobius sp. (Human pinworm) Lifecycle- Sticky gelatinous eggs
    - Female eggs are nocturnal and come out the anus at night to lay eggs
  105. 105Enterobius sp. (Human pinworm) Prevention and Control- Disinfect everything
  106. 106Dictyocaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) HostAll ruminants
  107. 107Dictyocaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) Morphology of the AdultCylindrical, white
  108. 108Dictyocaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) Morphology of the Ova- You will not see eggs in a fecal flotation
    - Eggs are produced in the lungs
    - You will see the presence of larva in feces
    - Need to use a Baermann technique
  109. 109Dictyocaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) Lifecycle- Larve are released in the feces, develop on the ground to L1, L2 and L3 within a week
    - Cattle ingest L3 while grazing
    - L3 goes to the digestive system, enter the circulation, to the lungs, become L4 and L5
    - Eggs are produced, hatch into larva, coughed up and re-swallowed, go through the intestines and are pooped out.
  110. 110Dictyocaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) Clinical signs- Parasitic bronchitis
    - Dyspnea (Difficulty breathing)
    - With heavy burden, they can suffocate
    - Host will have neck and head extended to try to breathe better
    - Coughing
    -Nasal discharge
    - Lethargic
  111. 111Dictycaulus sp. (Lungworm of ruminants) Prevention and Control- Rotational grazing
    - Herd health programs
    - Solid deworming schedule
  112. 112Crenosoma vulpis (Fox lungworm) HostDH: Foxes, canines
    IH: Snails and slugs
  113. 113Crenosoma vuplis (Fox lungworm) Morphology of the adultCylindrical and white
  114. 114Crenosoma vuplis (Fox lungworm) Morphology of the Ova- You do not see the egg
    - Recovery of live larva from Baermann technique
  115. 115Cernosoma vulpis (Fox lungworm) Lifecycle- Dog ingests IH (Which contains L3 larva)
    - Travels to intestines, then lungs, mature to L4, and L5
    - Eggs are produced in the bronchi
    - Hatch. L1's are coughed up and re-swallowed
    - Go to the intestine, release the live larva
    - These L1's penetrate a snail or slug and mature into L1, L2 and L3
    - Prepatent period is 20 days
  116. 116Cernosoma vuplis (Fox lungworm) Clinical signs- Retching (Really bad cough)
    - Nasal discharge
    - Dyspnea
  117. 117Cernosoma vuplis (Fox lungworm) Prevention and Control- Advantage Multi
    - Avoid high moisture areas
    - Use a Baermann technique
    - Serial samples for accurate detection
  118. 118Paraelaphostrongylus tenuis (Meningeal worm) HostWhite-tailed deer, sheep, goats, llama, alpaca
  119. 119Paraelaphostrongylus tenuis (Meningeal worm) Morphology- Not looking for ova although this is a nematode
    - definitive diagnosis only made at necropsy
    - can analyze CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) if paired with eosinophilia on sick patient
  120. 120Paraelphostrongylus tenuis (Meningeal worm) Lifecycle- The adult worm lives in the dura matter of the brain
    - L1 ova enter circulation to lungs and aveoli
    - Coughed up and re-swallowed, go to the intestine and are passed in the feces
    - L1 are ingested by snails (IH)
    -IH ingested by DH
    - Larva migrate to the spinal cord, mature into L5 within 30 days
    - The prepatent period is 80-90 days
  121. 121Paraelphostrongylus tenuis (Meningeal worm) Clinical signs- Lameness
    - Circling
    - Blindness
    - Paralysis
    - Ataxia
    -Stiffness
    - Abnormal gait (Walking)
  122. 122Paraelphostrongylus tenuis (Meningeal worm) Prevention and Control- Install deer fences
    - Limit areas where white-tailed deer reside
    - Destroy slug and snails
    - Monthly Ivermectin to at-risk hosts
  123. 123Trichinella sp. HostPigs, any carnivore, humans
  124. 124Trichinella sp. Morphology of the adultCylindrical, white
  125. 125Trichinella sp. Morphology of the OvaDoes not produce any visible eggs
  126. 126Trichinella sp. Lifecycle- Meat that is contaminated with cysts
    - Cysts are in striated muscle tissue
    - Cysts contain larva, and are ingested by the host
    - Larva are released into the intestine
    - Mature, mate and produce live larva
    - Larva then migrate into the bloodstream, into muscle and form a cyst
    - If pork is cooked well then it will kill the cyst
  127. 127Trichinella sp. Clinical signs- Asymptomatic
    - In humans, the larva migrate to weirds spots
  128. 128Trichinella sp. Prevention and Control- Avoid feeding a raw meat mixture or swine
    - Cook pork well
    - Eat government inspected meat
  129. 129Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) HostDH: Opossum, raccoon
    IH: Horses, cattle
  130. 130Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Morphology of the AdultCylindrical, white
  131. 131Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Morphology of the OvaMorulated egg
  132. 132Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Lifecycle- DH carries the protozoan and releases the Oocysts in the feces. (Looks like rabbit pellets)
    - Oocysts are then ingested by the IH
    - Merozoites then travel to the CNS (Central Nervous System), and become cysts in the neurological tissue
  133. 133Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Clinical signs of IH- Ataxia
    - The weakness of limbs (Acute or chronic)
    - Cranial nerves can be affected. Chewing can be difficult
  134. 134Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Diagnosis- Spinal tap into CNS for the presence of the parasite
    - Alternative methods are an ELISA or PCR test
    - This disease is often treated when performance horses display weakness
  135. 135Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Treatment- Protazil (Oral pellet)
    - Marquis (Oral paste). Treatment is between 60-120 days
    - Treatment is long in duration; neurological damage may be permanent
  136. 136Equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) Prevention and Control- If the damage is permanent, then euthanasia
    - Limit access of DH
    - Close food containers
    - Live trap
  137. 137West Nile Virus HostDH: Horses, birds, humans and dogs
    IH: Mosquitos
  138. 138West Nile Virus Lifecycle- Transmitted by a vector
    - Takes a blood meal from the DH and carries it to the next host
    - Within 5-15 days clinical signs occur and the virus goes to the CNS
  139. 139West Nile Virus Clinical signs- Weakness
    - Can't get up
    - Hypersensitive to sounds
    - Tremors
    - Seizures
    - Even blindness
    - Once infected, recovery is questionable
  140. 140West Nile Virus TreatmentALL SUPPORTIVE:
    - IV fluids
    - Possible antibiotics
    - Sling to keep up
  141. 141West Nile Virus Prevention and Control- Vaccination (Minimum 2)
    - All things to eliminate mosquitos
    - keep horses in the stable at dawn and dusk
    - Turn off lights
    - Screens in windows
    - Avoid stagnant water around barn
    - Clean water trough weekly
    - Mosquito repellent
  142. 142Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE - Mad Cow Disease) HostBeef cattle
    - Cannot be transferred through milk
    - Caused by an infections form of prion (Abnormal protein)
    - These prions can be found in the CNS, tonsils, intestinal tissue
    - Cattle now have RFID (Radioactive Frequency ID)
    - The human form of mad cow is called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    - Prions cause degeneration of the brain tissue. Vacuolated (Swiss cheese)
  143. 143Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE - Mad Cow Disease) Clinical Signs- Severa ataxia
    - Circling
    - The cow will be down
    - Seizures
  144. 144Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE - Mad Cow Disease) Treatment- Euthanasia
    - For humans, it is therapy and hospice care
  145. 145Trachea Migrationthe larva migrates to the liver, to the right side of the heart, to the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, and then crawl up the bronchi, coughed up and re-swallowed. Then they go back to the digestive tract where they mature into L5 worms, and then mate and produce eggs. Coughing will occur with a heavy burden.
  146. 146Somatic MigrationThe larva migrates to the liver, to the right side of the heart, to the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, to the pulmonary vein, to the left side of the heart, into the general circulation and into the tissues of the body. The larva live here in the tissue, no eggs are produced, they do not mature further, and are no clinical signs in the host. Somatic migration will only continue in an unspayed female. Hormones will cause the larva to move out of the tissue, go to the intestine, mature, or move larva to infect the young during pregnancy.
  147. 147PrenatallyThe mother already has somatic larva living in the tissue when she becomes pregnant. The larva moves into the circulation across the placenta and targets the lungs and liver of the fetus. When the puppies are born the larva move quickly through the circulation, they undergo tracheal migration when the babies are born.
  148. 148TransmammaryThe L3 migrate to the milk glands and pass infective larva when the babies are nursing. They undergo trachea migration in the babies or stay in the intestine and mature into L4 and L5, mate and produce eggs.
  149. 149Normal ValuesPCV: Dog - 37-55%, Cat - 30-45%
    TP: Dog/Cat - 5.8 - 6.8 g/dL
    Hemoglobin: Dog/Cat - 9-14%
    SG: Dog - 1.025, Cat - 1.030

Information

Description
Flashcards on Lab Procedures 2 Lecture Test #1, created by Aaron Barnes on 02/02/2019.
Created by
Aaron Barnes
Views
2
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?