Flashcards
Conditions that cause Acid-Base problems
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1▪ Bronchiectasis: Bronchi become dilated as a result of inflammation, and destructive changes and weakness in the walls of the bronchi occur.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 2▪ Excessive ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid: Causes an increase in the hydrogen ion concentration.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 3▪ Hyperventilation: Rapid respirations cause the blowing off of carbon dioxide (CO2), leading to a decrease in carbonic acid.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 4▪ Insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates: When the oxygen supply is not sufficient for the metabolism of carbohydrates, lactic acid is produced and lactic acidosis results.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 5▪ Pneumonia: Excess mucus production and lung congestion cause airway obstruction, resulting in inadequate gas exchange.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 6Diuretics: The loss of hydrogen ions and chloride from diuresis causes a compensatory increase in the amount of bicarbonate in the blood.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- 7▪ Brain trauma: Excessive pressure on the respiratory center or medulla oblongata depresses respirations.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 8▪ Emphysema and COPD: Loss of elasticity of alveolar sacs restricts air flow in and out, primarily out, leading to an increased CO2 level.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 9▪ Hyperaldosteronism: Increased renal tubular reabsorption of sodium occurs, with the resultant loss of hydrogen ions.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- 10▪ Ingestion of and/or infusion of excess sodium bicarbonate: Causes an increase in the amount of base in the blood.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- 11▪ Pain: Overstimulation of the respiratory center in the brainstem results in a carbonic acid deficit.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 12▪ Severe diarrhea: Intestinal and pancreatic secretions are normally alkaline; therefore, excessive loss of base leads to acidosis.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 13▪ Atelectasis: Excessive mucus collection, with the collapse of alveolar sacs caused by mucous plugs, infectious drainage, or anesthetic medications, results in ineffective gas exchange.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 14▪ Diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis: An insufficient supply of insulin causes increased fat metabolism, leading to an excess accumulation of ketones or other acids; the bicarbonate then ends up being depleted.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 15▪ High-fat diet: Causes a much too rapid accumulation of the waste products of fat metabolism, leading to a buildup of ketones and acids.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 16▪ Hysteria: Often is neurogenic and related to a psychoneurosis; however, this condition leads to vigorous breathing and excessive exhaling of CO2.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 17▪ Overventilation by mechanical ventilators: The administration of O2 and the depletion of CO2 can occur from mechanical ventilation, causing the client to be hyperventilated.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 18▪ Renal insufficiency, acute kidney injury, or chronic kidney disease: Increased waste products of protein metabolism are retained; acids increase, and bicarbonate is unable to maintain acid-base balance.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 19▪ Asthma: Spasms resulting from allergens, irritants, or emotions cause the smooth muscles of the bronchioles to constrict, resulting in ineffective gas exchange.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 20▪ Central nervous system depressants: Depressants such as sedatives, opioids, and anesthetics depress the respiratory center, leading to hypoventilation (excessive sedation from medications may require reversal by opioid antagonist medications); carbon dioxide (CO2) is retained and the hydrogen ion concentration increases.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 21▪ Fever: Causes increased metabolism, resulting in overstimulation of the respiratory system.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 22▪ Hypoxia: Stimulates the respiratory center in the brainstem, which causes an increase in the respiratory rate in order to increase oxygen (O2); this causes hyperventilation, which results in a decrease in the CO2 level.RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
- 23▪ Massive transfusion of whole blood: The citrate anticoagulant used for the storage of blood is metabolized to bicarbonate.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- 24▪ Pulmonary emboli: Emboli cause obstruction in a pulmonary artery resulting in airway obstruction and inadequate gas exchange.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 25▪ Administering high oxygen levels per nasal cannula to clients who are CO2 retainers (i.e., emphysema and COPD).RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 26▪ Bronchitis: Inflammation causes airway obstruction, resulting in inadequate gas exchange.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 27▪ Excessive vomiting or gastrointestinal suctioning: Leads to an excessive loss of hydrochloric acid.METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
- 28▪ Hypoventilation: Carbon dioxide is retained and the hydrogen ion concentration increases, leading to the acidotic state; carbonic acid is retained and the pH decreases.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
- 29▪ Malnutrition: Improper metabolism of nutrients causes fat catabolism, leading to an excess buildup of ketones and acids.METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
- 30▪ Pulmonary edema: Extracellular accumulation of fluid in pulmonary tissue causes disturbances in alveolar diffusion and perfusion.RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
Information
- Description
- each card has a health condition. The reverse side of the card indicates what type of acid-base imbalance it causes
- Created by
- Lily Gonzalez
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