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Unit 4 - Population and Migration - Key Terms

gstoneman English 64 cards

Cards in this deck (64)

  1. 1DemographyThe study of the characteristics of a population, such as race, age, sex, and ethnicity.
  2. 2Population GeographyThe study of why populations have certain characteristics and why they distribute themselves across space in particular ways.
  3. 3Population DensityA measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.
  4. 4Arithmetic Population DensityThe population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometres or miles that make up the un
  5. 5Physiologic Population DensityThe number of people per unit area of arable land.
  6. 6Population DistributionDescriptions of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live.
  7. 7Dot MapsMaps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon such as population.
  8. 8MegalopolisLarge coalescing super-cities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an uppercase “M” to refer to locations such as the Boston— Washington multi-metropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard of the United States
  9. 9Population CompositionStructure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education
  10. 10Population PyramidsVisual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relation- ship to the total population. The males in each age group are represented to the left of the centre line of each horizontal bar; the females in each age group are represented to the right of the centre line.
  11. 11CensusA periodic and official count of a country’s population.
  12. 12Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)An indicator of population change, calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate.
  13. 13Total Fertility Rate (TFR)The average number of births per woman of childbearing years, usually considered between 15 and 49 years of age.
  14. 14Doubling TimeThe time required for a population to double in size.
  15. 15Population ExplosionThe rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever- shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.
  16. 16Crude Birth Rate (CBR)The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population.
  17. 17Crude Death Rate (CDR)The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.
  18. 18Demographic TransitionMultistage model, based on Western Europe’s experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.
  19. 19Stationary population level (SPL)The level at which a national population ceases to grow.
  20. 20Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.
  21. 21Child Mortality Rate (CMR)A figure that describes the number of children who die be- tween the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
  22. 22Life ExpectancyA figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.
  23. 23Infectious DiseasesDiseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or in- directly from human to human.
  24. 24Chronic or Degenerative DiseasesGenerally, long- lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies.
  25. 25Genetic or Inherited DiseasesDiseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human
  26. 26EndemicWhen a disease prevails over a particular locality or region.
  27. 27EpidemicRegional outbreak of a disease.
  28. 28PandemicAn outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide.
  29. 29AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person’s demise.
  30. 30Expansive Population PoliciesGovernment policies that en- courage large families and raise the rate of population growth
  31. 31Expansive Population PoliciesGovernment policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.
  32. 32Restrictive Population PoliciesGovernment policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
  33. 33One-Child PolicyA program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China. Under the policy, families having more than one child were penalized financially and denied educational opportunities and housing privileges.
  34. 34NomadismMovement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement.
  35. 35MigrationA change in residence intended to be permanent.
  36. 36International MigrationHuman movement involving movement across international boundaries
  37. 37EmigrationThe act of leaving one location or place for another, from the perspective of the beginning location.
  38. 38ImmigrationThe act of migrating into a new country or area.
  39. 39Internal MigrationHuman movement within a nation- state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in Canada.
  40. 40Migrant LabourA common type of periodic movement involving tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances.
  41. 41Guest WorkerLegal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.
  42. 42RemittancesMoney migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.
  43. 43RefugeesPeople who have led their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country.
  44. 44Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee.
  45. 45AsylumShelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state.
  46. 46RepatriationA refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.
  47. 47GenocideThe deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.
  48. 48GenocideThe deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.
  49. 49Forced migrationHuman migration lows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.
  50. 50DiasporaFrom the Greek “to disperse,” a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their home- land to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews, it is increasingly applied to other population dispersals, such as the involuntary relocation of Black peoples during the slave trade or Chinese peoples outside of Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
  51. 51Laws of MigrationLaws of migration Developed by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein, five laws that predict the low of migrant
  52. 52Push FactorNegative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.
  53. 53Pull FactorPositive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.
  54. 54Step MigrationMigration to a distant destination that occurs in stages; for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city.
  55. 55Intervening OpportunityThe presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
  56. 56DeportationThe act of a government sending a migrant out of its country and back to the migrant’s home country.
  57. 57Kinship LinksTypes of push or pull factors that influence a migrant's decision to go where family or friends have already found success.
  58. 58Chain MigrationPattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links (i.e., one migrant settles in a place and then writes, calls, or communicates through others to describe this place to family and friends who in turn then migrate there).
  59. 59Immigration WavePhenomenon whereby different patterns of chain migration build upon one another to create a swell in migration from one origin to the same destination
  60. 60ExplorerA person examining a region that is unknown to them.
  61. 61ColonizationPhysical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land.
  62. 62Regional ScaleInteractions occurring within a region, in a regional setting.
  63. 63Island of DevelopmentPlace built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and that has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.
  64. 64QuotasEstablished limits by governments on the number of immigrants who can enter a country each year.

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This is from our textbook: Fouberg, Erin H.. Human Geography, Canadian Edition. John Wiley & Sons (Canada). VitalBook file.
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gstoneman
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