Flashcards
OCR Additional Science P3
Cards in this deck (69)
- 1What units is speed measured in?M/S, Km/H, MPH
- 2What two things do you need to work out the speed?Distance, Time Taken
- 3How does a speed camera work?It takes two pictures, a certain time apart. The road markings give it the distance. Then it uses the calculation, distance travelled / time taken to determine the speed.
- 4What is constant in a distance time graph?Any line going at an angle. Horizontal lines represent stationary.
- 5How do you calculate the speed travelled in a distance-time graph?Look at the point, then use the speed equation (distance travelled / time) to calculate the speed.
- 6What unit is acceleration measured in?Only M/S²
- 7In a speed-time graph: What does a horizontal line represent?Constant Speed
- 8In a speed-time graph: Straight Line Positive GradientConstant positive acceleration
- 9In a speed-time graph: Striaght Line Negative GradientConstant negative acceleration
- 10In a speed time graph, how do you calculate the total distance travelled?Using the area under the lines.
- 11What is velocity?Speed in a given direction
- 12What does a negative sign represent in velocity?Travelling the opposite direction
- 13What is acceleration and what does this mean in terms of acceleration?Acceleration is change in velocity. This means an object accelerates if its speed changes, or direction changes.
- 14What does weight do in terms of forces?It causes the object to speed up
- 15What does friction do?Cause an object to slow down
- 16What does air resistance do?Cause sky divers to slow down.
- 17What does acceleration depend on if an unbalanced force acts?Force applied on object
Mass of object - 18What is the equation for resultant force?Resultant Force (N) = Mass (KG) x Acceleration (M/S²)
- 19Define a newton (N)Force needed to give a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 M/S²
- 20What happens if the resultant force is 0?The object remains the same speed
- 21What happens if the resultant force is not 0?The object will speed up or slow down, depending on the direction of the resultant force.
- 22What is the Stopping Distance?The stopping distance is the distance, the car took to stop. This includes the thinking distance, and braking distance.
- 23What is thinking distance?THis is the distance travelled at the time the individual realises the break is required, to the point where it is applied.
- 24What is Braking Distance?This is the distance it takes the vehicle to stop once the brake has been applied.
- 25What factors increase the Braking Distance?- Being Tired
- Distracted
- Driver's Ill
-Under the influence of alcohol / drugs - 26What factors increase the braking distance?- Vehicle is travelling fast
- Poor weather conditions / bad road conditions
- Vehicle is in bad condition, e.g. tyres worn out, brake is damaged. - 27What are the scientific factors behind the stopping distance increases? Including mass, friction and tyres?Mass Increase = Greater KE
Bad Road Conditions = Less Friction
Worn Out Tyres = Less Braking Force - 28What is the relationship in thinking distance?It's a linear relationship. Double speed = double distance travelled. (Only at constant speed)
- 29What is the relationship in Braking Distance?It's a squared relationship. Double speed = quadruple braking distance. Triple Speed = Multiply braking distance by 9
- 30How to mass and weight differ?Mass is the measure of how much stuff there is in an object. Weight includes the forces acting on the object.
- 31What are the Gravitialional Field Strengths of Earth and the Moon?Earth = 10 N/kg
Moon = 1.6 N/kg - 32What is work and give an example.Work is when a force moves something, an example of this is opening a door.
- 33What is required to do work and what are they both measured in (unit)?Work requires energy.
Energy and Work are both measured in Joules (J) - 34What does the amount of work done depend on?Size of Force (N)
Distance object moves (M) - 35What is power and what unit is it measured in?Power is how quickly work is done, and is measured in Watts (W)
- 36Why is having a higher power rating bad?It causes high fuel consumption, this is both expensive for the driver and bad for the environment.
- 37What does the KE of an object depend on?- Mass (KG)
- Speed (M/S) - 38What happens to the braking distance of a car, if it has a lot of KE?The braking distance of the car increases.
- 39What is the problem of cars relying on petrol and diesel to power their cars?The creation of these fuels requires fossil fuel, fossil fuel is finite and is running out.
- 40What are Bio - Fuels?These are produced by living things or their products. E.g. bioethanol = plant sugars
Biodiesel = plant oils - 41List the advantages of Bio-Fuel- Renewable
- May lead to an overall reduction in emissions of CO2 - 42What is the use of Solar Power in cars?Solar and Light energy is both electrical energy. The electrical energy can be used to power the motor in the car.
- 43What's a disadvantage of solar power?The creation of solar panels can cause pollution during production.
- 44What does car fuel consumption depend on?- Energy required to increase the KE
- Energy required to work against friction
- Driving style, speed and road condition - 45What is the relationship between the shape of the vehicle and the fuel consumption?If the vehicle is streamline, this decreases the air resistance that acts on the vehicle when the car moves. This decreases the cars fuel consumption and increases the range.
- 46List 3 frictional forcesDrag,
Friction,
Air Resistance - 47Frictional forces can act against the movement of the object slowing it down. How can these forces be reduced?Changing the shape of the object,
Use a lubricant - object slides through the air with less resistance. - 48What are the implications of a greater drag force?Greater energy loss, which leads to greater fuel consumption.
- 49What safety features have been implemented in a car?Seatbelts
Airbags
Crumple Zone - 50How do seatbelts, airbags and crumple zones help you in a collision?-Seatbelts - prevent you propelling forwards but increases stretches in a collision, increasing the body's momentum time to reach 0. Reduces the force.
- Air Bag - Increases the head's momentum time to reach 0, reduces force and cushions and prevents cuts.
-Crumple Zone - Crumples in a controlled way during a collision. Increases the time taken for momentum to reach 0, therefore reducing the force. - 51What does a collapsible steering column do?Absorbs energy and breaks to avoid driver being impaled.
- 52What's the safety cage in a car?It's a rigid section in a car, that does not absorb energy. It strengthens the cabin section in the vehicle preventing the vehicle from collapsing when the car tips over.
- 53What does Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) do?Prevents tyres form skidding, allowing the driver to stay in control. They work by turning the brakes on and off automatically. This increases the area of the type that is in contact with the road increasing friction. This reduces the braking distance and the vehicle is able to stop quicker.
- 54What does traction control do?Prevents the car from skidding when the car accelerates. Helps the driver escape dangerous situations quickly.
- 55What happens with more momentum?Difficulty changing directions quickly.
- 56What happens to the momentum during a crash?The momentum decreases, as it decreases the passengers feel a force which can result in injury for example, whiplash.
- 57How is the force affected, if the rate of chnage of momentum is fast?The quicker the decrease in momentum, the greater the force.
- 58How can you reduce the stopping forces?- Increase stopping / collision time,
- Increase the stopping / collision distance. - 59Using a law of motion, how can force be decreased?Newton's Second Law of Motion states, if the collision stopping time is increased, using a crumple zone for example, the rate of acceleration is decreased so the force is decreased.
- 60What is terminal speed?This is where the drag force is equal to the weight. This is also when the object is at its top speed.
- 61How does the area of the object affect the drag?More area of object = more drag = slower
Less area of object = less drag = faster. - 62What happens to the kinetic energy if an object is falling at terminal speed?The KE is not increasing, therefore the speed is not changing.
- 63What happens to the GPE during terminal speed?The GPE decreases as the object does work against the friction. The GPE is transferred into internal or thermal energy of the surrounding air particles by friction. Remember: ONCE AT TERMINAL SPEED, KE CANNOT BE INCREASED, THUS THE GPE CANNOT BE CONVERTED INTO KE.
- 64What are the factors of GPE or acceleration due to gravity?-It is unaffected by the atmospheric change,
-Varies slightly at different points on Earth
-Is different on top of a mountain or down a mineshaft. - 65What factors does GPE of an object depend on?- Mass
- Height - 66What's Earth's Gravitational Field Strength?10N/kg
- 67What happens to GPE when an object falls?It's converted into KE.
- 68What happens if the mass is doubled to the KE?The KE is doubled.
- 69What happens to the KE if the speed is doubled?The KE quadruples.
Information
- Description
- GCSE Science (P3) Flashcards on OCR Additional Science P3, created by jaspreetnatt1 on 30/11/2014.
- Created by
- jaspreetnatt1
- Views
- 75
- Rating