Bacterial Diversity

Question	Answer
Proteobacteria Gram +/-	Gram -
Proteobacteria lifestyle	Free living, symbionts, pathogens
Proteobacteria morphology	Nitrogen and sulfur
Proteobacteria defining character	Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane and S layer
Proteobactria examples	Purple S bacteria, Rickettsia, Rhizobium and E. coli
Firmicutes gram +/-	Gram positive
Firmicutes lifestyle	heterotrophs and phototrophs. Pathogens
Firmicutes morphology	Cocci, bacilli and spiral
Firmicutes nutrient fixation	N in clostridiales
Firmucutes defining character	Production of endospores or endotoxins and low G-C
Firmicutes examples	Mycoplasmas, clostridiales, bacillates and lactobacillates
Actinobacteria Gram +/-	Gram +
Actinobacteria lifestyle	Soil, animal parasites, some produce ABs
Actinobacteria morphology	Coryneform or rod shaped
Actinobacteria defining characters	External spores, mycelia and high G-C
Cyanobacteria gram +/-	Gram + relative
Cyanobacteria lifestyle	Aquatic. Pigmented
Cyanobacteria morphology	Rod, Cocci or filament
Cyanobacteria nutrient fixation	C, O, N
Cyanobacteria Defining character	Nutrient fixation and cryptocrusts
Spirochaetes lifestyle	Free living. Some symbionts and some pathogenic
Spirochaetes morphology	Helical
Spirochaetes examples	Lyme disease, leptospirosis and syphilis
Bacteriodetes gram +/-	Gram -
Bacteriodetes ifestyle	Anaerobic. Animal gut symbionts
Bacteriodetes morphology	Rod shaped
Bacteriodetes defining character	Sphingolipids on membranes
Bacteriodetes examples	Flavobactria
Chlorobi gram +/-	Gram -
Chlorobi lifestyle	Low oxygen areas. Thermophillic and photosynthetic
Chlorobi nutrient fixation	Sulfur
Chlorobi defining character	Have chlorosomes. Much more efficient than purple bacteria.
Chlorobi examples	Green sulfur bacteria

Proteobacteria Gram +/-

Gram -

Proteobacteria lifestyle

Free living, symbionts, pathogens

Proteobacteria morphology

Nitrogen and sulfur

Proteobacteria defining character

Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane and S layer

Proteobactria examples

Purple S bacteria, Rickettsia, Rhizobium and E. coli

Firmicutes gram +/-

Gram positive

Firmicutes lifestyle

heterotrophs and phototrophs. Pathogens

Firmicutes morphology

Cocci, bacilli and spiral

Firmicutes nutrient fixation

N in clostridiales

Firmucutes defining character

Production of endospores or endotoxins and low G-C

Firmicutes examples

Mycoplasmas, clostridiales, bacillates and lactobacillates

Actinobacteria Gram +/-

Gram +

Actinobacteria lifestyle

Soil, animal parasites, some produce ABs

Actinobacteria morphology

Coryneform or rod shaped

Actinobacteria defining characters

External spores, mycelia and high G-C

Cyanobacteria gram +/-

Gram + relative

Cyanobacteria lifestyle

Aquatic. Pigmented

Cyanobacteria morphology

Rod, Cocci or filament

Cyanobacteria nutrient fixation

C, O, N

Cyanobacteria Defining character

Nutrient fixation and cryptocrusts

Spirochaetes lifestyle

Free living. Some symbionts and some pathogenic

Spirochaetes morphology

Helical

Spirochaetes examples

Lyme disease, leptospirosis and syphilis

Bacteriodetes gram +/-

Gram -

Bacteriodetes ifestyle

Anaerobic. Animal gut symbionts

Bacteriodetes morphology

Rod shaped

Bacteriodetes defining character

Sphingolipids on membranes

Bacteriodetes examples

Flavobactria

Chlorobi gram +/-

Gram -

Chlorobi lifestyle

Low oxygen areas. Thermophillic and photosynthetic

Chlorobi nutrient fixation

Sulfur

Chlorobi defining character

Have chlorosomes. Much more efficient than purple bacteria.

Chlorobi examples

Green sulfur bacteria

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	Created by Kelly Chamberlain about 5 years ago