1735385
Description
Flashcards by scarlettjaynem, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by scarlettjaynem
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How are soaps formed? | Hydrolysis of fats and oils |
| How many moles of Glycerol and fatty acids are firmed with each mol of hydrolysed fat or oil | 1 mol glycerol 3 mols fatty acids |
| Manufacture of Soaps | Fats/oils boiled with sodium/potassium hydroxide. |
| What role does the alkali play in the manufacture of soaps | Catalyses the hydrolysis reaction and then neutralises the fatty acids. |
| Structure of Soaps | Ionic hydrophillic head non-polar hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain |
| How does soap cleanse? | Hydrophobic tails bury themselves int he grease, hydrophillic heads remain in water. Soap ions dislodge the grease from surface of plate and splits it up into tiny droplets. |
| What prevents the grease from joining together again? | Surrounded by negatively charged soap ions therefore they repel eachother. |
| How are detergent ions different to soap ions? | They can be used in hard water |
| What is hard water and where is it normally found? | hard water is water containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions normally found in the south of England |
| Why do soap ions not work so effectively in hard water? | They react with the Mg and Ca ions to form insoluble salts known as scum |
| What is an emulsion? | The mixture of two immiscible liquids which have been vigorously shaken |
| What is an emulsifier? | A compound similar in shape to soaps and detergents added to emulsions to prevent the two liquids from separating into distinct layers. |
| Structure of Emulsifiers | Hydrophillic head and hydophobic tail. Esters of glycerol and fatty acids. |
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