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Description
Flashcards by Carly Brinded, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Carly Brinded
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is personality? | something that encompasses all thoughts, behaviour patterns, and social attitudes that impact how we view ourselves and what we believe about others and the world around us. It remains fairly consistent throughout life. |
| How do personality and situational factors interact? | Different situations prime different parts of the same person Different people respond differently to the same situation People choose their situations Situations choose the person People change the situation Situations change the person |
| What are the four sub-perspectives of the Personality / Situation debate? | Pure situationist position - behaviour is a function of the situation (it is determined by the environment) Pure trait position - Behaviour is a function of the person (it is determined by personality traits) Pure cognitive position - How a situation is perceived depends on individual personality characteristics (the situation is construed by the person) Pure social learning position - Personality traits are a function of the situation or the social learning history of the person |
| What are the two types of Interactionism? | Mechanistic Interactionism - The world is viewed as machine-like Organismic Interactionism - The world is viewed as a living organism |
| What is Mechanistic Interactionism? | Personality & Situational factors jointly determine behaviour (Lewin, 1935; 1936) The interaction between person and situation explains more variance in behaviour than person or situation alone |
| What did Robins & John (1997) study and find concerning Mechanistic Interactionism? | Studied: Pps judged performance in a group task right after completing it, then after watching tape of themselves. Does visual perception (normal/reversed) affect ratings with diff levels of narcissism (high/low) (measured by NPI) Found: High narcissism = higher ratings, highest when reversed and vice versa |
| What is Organismic Interactionism? | Person and Situation both affect and are affected by each other (reciprocal or bidirectional relationship); behaviour is a function of a continuous process of the multidirectional interaction between the individual and the situation The individual is an active agent in this interaction |
| What is the Social Relations Model (Kenny, 1981; 1994)? | Individuals respond to situations and serve as stimulus for others; e.g. competitiveness of Person 1 can make Person 2 more competitive, in turn provoking Person 1 to be even more so |
| What did Caspi, Elder & Bem (1987; 1988) study and find concerning organismic interactionism? | Studied: data from MacFarlane, Allen & Honzik (1954) wherein mom's described kids (8-10yrs old) in clin interviews. Kids then interviewed at 30-40yrs old Found: frequent temper tantrums as children = steady decline of their socio-economic status later |
| What are the three types of Interactionism identified by Caspi, Elder & Bem? | Evocative Interactionism - An individual’s personality elicits a distinct response from those around them Reactive Interactionism - Different people react in different ways to the same situation Proactive Interactionism - Individual’s selectively create their own environment |
| Evaluation of interactionism | Emphasises interpersonal influences Draws on the best aspects of both approaches (both the person and the situation) Understands that we are different people in different situations But it is difficult to define situations and study the complexities of interactions; Interactionism may overlook biological influences (Friedman & Schustack, 2006) |
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