Flashcards
Equine Reproduction
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1When is the natural breeding season for for horses?March - August
but want them born Jan 1 so as big as possible
long day breeders
breeding age is 3-18 yrs - 2What is the hormone cycle for the mare ? (name them in order)increased day length = stimulates pineal gland decreasing melatonin levels --> GnRH --> LH and FSH
- 3What does the uterus etc look like at each phase of estrus? diestrus/luteal, estrus, standing estrus, follicular, ovulationcervix is closed, pale, tight w/ a rosebud appearance
follicular - like a bag of marbles
ovulation - can see follicle protroding from ovary
estrus: looks like a cartwheel and should feel like a wet, woolen sock
Standing estrus: fluid accumulation in middle - if more than 2 cm this is not ok as the sperm can get stuck in this - 4what does hCG do in a horse?mimics and LH surger and ovulate mares in 48 hours
it will ovulate but not mature the follicle - 5What are 2 drugs that act like PG and lyse the CL?Estrumate and lutalyse
- 6What does the cervix look like at the beginning of estrus, towards ovulation, after ovulation, then pregnancy1: cartwheel
2: wilted rosebud and gets softer
3: melts into floor of vagina
4: tight fist - 7What is an anovulatory follicle?haemorrhagic or autumn follicle
v large!! up to 10 cm
abnormal behaviour w/ or w/o pain
more irritable and estrogenic
lack of LH surge to mature and ovulate - 8What does a granulosa/thecal cell tumour do?connective tissue in the ovary produces hormones like inhibin that causes:
stallion like behaviour - will be squealy, round up mares
-suppresses normal ovary - 9How do you diagnose a granulosa/theca cell tumour?anti-mullerian hormone
inhibin - 10What can happen to the perineum over time in an older mare?can get larger and more stretched - potential for bacterial invasion - drag more things into the uterus
- 11What is contagious equine metritis caused by?Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Tayorella notifiable - 12What is the Kenny scale of endometritis?tells you how bad the uterus is and you chances of conception
I-IV
I-IIA - moderate inflammation and reversible
after this gets severe and irreversible changes - 13What is the point of Caslick's Vulvoplasty?for poor perineal conformation in sub-fertile mares
-prevents pnuemovagina, cervicitis, endometritis, faecal contamination
cut a new slice in perineum and stitich it all up giving her a smaller hole to pee through - 14What is indicative of endometritis in an ultrasound? what are 2 other clinical signs of endometritis?if >2cm of fluid in estrus is indicative of endometritis
early return
prolonged estrus - 15What is foal heat?first estrus after foaling
will always have a lower conception rate than a normal cycle - 16What are notifiable repro diseases in horsesEquine infectious anaemia
Equine viral arteritis virus
CEM in mares (only Tayorella not Kleb or pseudomonas)
Dourine - 17What 3 things do you test a stallion for?EIA
EVA
CEM Taylorella, psuedo and Klebsiella - 18What is the difference b/w a paraphimosis and prapism?paraphimosis: inability to retract protruded penis
priapism: persistent erection - damage to the pudendal nerves - 19How long does pre-foaling take? What happens in this phase?up to 4 weeks - the horse gets a bit stressed as the foal starts to move
-udder development
softening of pelvic ligaments
-pre-foaling colic (3-4 weeks)
ventral edema - not all the time
waxing up (24-48 hrs)-could be 2 wks though - 20What happens in stage 1 of parturition?preparation
hormonal release
sweat drips straight down
takes 30 min to several hours
mare looks colicy, will roll or get up repetitively
starts w/ onset of labour and ends up w/ a rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane = fluid release - 21What is stage 2?delivery of foal
should only take 15-20 minutes
starts w/ rupture of chorioallantois to expulsion of foal - 22What is stage 3?delivery of foetal membranes
takes 1-2 hours and can give oxytocin to help her out
more than 4+ hrs = RFM - 23What is 'red bag' delivery?premature placental separation (herpes virus abortion) - foal will be dead b/c they can't punch through this
-like an 'inside out' placenta
-try to delivery the foal promptly by cutting through but may be profoundly hypoxic - 24When do EHV 1 abortion occur?>8 months into pregnancy
- 25What is PAS?perinatal asphyxia syndrome
hypoxic foals
GIT damage, neuro signs - 26What is SIRS? How would you treat this?systemic inflammatory response syndrome
sepsis
treat w/ equine plasma IV to increase plasma IgG
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- BVetMed 3: Reproduction Flashcards on Equine Reproduction , created by Erin Loogman on 22/04/2019.
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